麦季稻秆还田方式对后续稻季CH4排放的影响  

Effects of rice straw returning methods in wheat-growing season on CH_4 emissions from following rice-growing season

作　　者：马二登[1,2] 马静[1] 徐华[1] 蔡祖聪[1] 八木一行 

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室//中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]日本国立农业环境技术研究所,日本筑波305

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2010年第3期729-732,共4页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：科技部国际科技合作项目(2008DFA21330);中国科学院知识创新重要方向项目群项目(KZCX2-YW-Q1-07);国家自然科学基金项目(40971154)

摘　　要：通过田间试验研究了麦季4种稻秆还田方式(不还田、表面覆盖、均匀混施和原位焚烧)对后续稻季CH4排放的影响,以探讨稻-麦轮作系统中秸秆还田对稻田温室气体排放的后续效应。试验于2007年小麦播种期将4.8t·hm-2水稻秸秆分别以不同方式还田(不还田处理除外),利用静态箱/气相色谱法对2008年后续稻季CH4排放进行观测。结果表明,不同麦季稻秆还田方式显著影响后续稻季的CH4排放。与不施稻秆处理相比,表面覆盖和均匀混施处理后续稻季CH4排放量增加了75%和40%,且CH4排放量差异主要体现在水稻生长前期(0-60d);原位焚烧处理CH4排放量与稻秆不还田处理相比无显著差异(P>0.05);与不施稻秆处理相比,均匀混施处理显著增加稻季开始前土壤全C质量分数6%和全N质量分数12%(P<0.05);各处理水稻(Oryzasativa L.)产量无显著差异(P>0.05);稻秆麦季均匀混施与表面覆盖相比能在一定程度上抑制后续稻季CH4排放,同时避免了秸秆焚烧导致的C、N、P等元素的大量损失,是较为合理的麦季稻秆还田方式。A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of rice straw returning methods in wheat-growing season including no straw application, rice straw mulched onto the field surface, rice straw burned in-situ and rice straw incorporated into the topsoil, on CH4 emissions during the following rice-growing season, in order to study the residual effect of straw returning on greenhouse gases emission from rice fields in rice-wheat rotation system. Rice straw was returned to soil by different methods with an equivalent amount at 4.8 t·hm^-2 （except for no rice straw application） at wheat seeding stage in 2007, CH4 emission during the following rice-growing season was observed by the static chamber-gas chromatographic techniques in 2008. Results indicated that dee straw returning method during wheat season had significant effects on the CH4 emission from the following rice-growing season. Compared with no rice straw application,CH4 emission was increased by 75% and 40% in rice straw mulched onto the field surface and rice straw incorporated into the topsoil, respectively, where the difference in CH4 emission between these methods was mainly embodied in the early stage office growing. No significant difference of CH4 emission was observed between rice straw burned in-situ and no rice straw application in CH4 emission. The contents of soil total C and total N were significantly increased by 6% and 12% in rice straw incorporated into the topsoil, compared with no rice straw application. Also, rice yield was not profoundly influenced by rice straw returning method among different treatments. In rice straw incorporated into the topsoil treatment, the contents of soil total C and total N were significantly increased by 6% and 12%, respectively, when compared with no rice straw application. Incorporation of rice straw into the topsoil could be the rational and practicable rice straw returning method prior to wheat cultivation, as this method could decrease CH4 emission from the following rice-growing season comparing

关 键 词：稻秆还田方式 CH4排放 土壤性质 水稻产量 稻-麦轮作 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]