3-氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯甲醚的合成及性能  

Synthesis and Properties of 3-Amino-2,4,6-trinitroanisole

作　　者：张学梅[1] 董海山[2] 夏云霞[2] 刘晓峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学化工与环境学院,北京100081 [2]中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所,四川绵阳621900

出　　处：《含能材料》2010年第2期135-138,共4页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：中国工程物理研究院重大科学技术发展基金(No.2007A03002)

摘　　要：为了寻找含能共熔物中的辅助组分,合成了3-氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯甲醚,并对其性能进行了初步研究。以市售苦味酸为原料,经过甲基化、替代氢的亲核取代反应,得到目标产物,产率达76%以上。产物和中间体的结构通过傅立叶红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、元素分析进行了表征。对甲基化反应和替代氢的亲核取代反应机理进行了探讨。通过DSC和TG研究了3-氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯甲醚的热分解性能,其吸热峰温为133.77℃,放热峰温254.10℃,在199.6℃,质量损失1.71%左右。采用特性落高法测得其撞击感度H50为82.5cm,爆炸概率法测得其摩擦感度为0%、其静电火花感度为V50=11.42kV,E50=1.99J。采用VLW软件计算理论爆速为7.459km.s-1(ρ=1.709g.cm-3),理论爆压为22.9GPa(ρ=1.709g.cm-3)。研究结果表明,3-氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯甲醚具有较好的热稳定性,其感度低于TNT,理论爆速和爆压高于TNT,是一种性能良好的高能低感炸药,可作为辅助组分用于含能共熔物中。To find suitable components for energetic eutectic mixtures,3-amino-2,4,6-trinitroanisole with an overall yield of 76% was synthesized via the sequence methylation-VNS amination of commercial picric acid.And its properties were preliminarily studied by IR,1H NMR and elemental analysis.The mechanism of methylation and VNS amination were discussed.DSC-TG curves show that the endothermic peak temperature is 133.77 ℃ and the exothermic peak temperature is 254.10 ℃.The massloss is about 1.71% at 199.6 ℃.H50 is 82.5 cm and the friction sensitivity is 0%.V50 is 11.42 kV and E50 is 1.99 J.The theoretical detonation velocity is 7.459 km·s-1（ρ=1.709 g·cm-3）,and the theoretical detonation pressure is 22.9 GPa（ρ=1.709 g·cm-3）.Results show that 3-amino-2,4,6-trinitroanisole is stable to heat.The theoretical detonation velocity and pressure of 3-amino-2,4,6-trinitroanisole are larger than that of TNT.

关 键 词：有机化学 炸药 合成 3-氨基-2 4 6-三硝基苯甲醚 感度 

分 类 号：TQ564.3[化学工程—炸药化工]