武汉市道路边环境机动车尾气污染的暴露评价  

Exposure Assessment of Vehicle Exhaust Pollution in Wuhan,Hubei

作　　者：杜譞[1] 傅立新[1] 朱汉昌[2] 孔茜[1] 胡世祥[2] 吴坚[2] 徐新生[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境科学与工程系,北京100084 [2]武汉市环境监测中心站,湖北武汉450015

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2010年第3期241-243,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50778100)

摘　　要：目的研究武汉市道路边环境中不同出行人群的机动车污染暴露水平。方法选取武汉市中心城区6条交通干道中8个具有代表性的监测断面,于2007年冬、夏两季对机动车排放的主要污染物NO2、CO、总烃(THC)、PM10和苯系物(BTX)的环境浓度进行监测,并结合各人群的交通环境停留时间及呼吸速率等相关参数,以暴露剂量为评价指标分析道路边各人群的暴露水平。结果道路边PM10污染最严重,参考GB3095—1996《环境空气质量标准》的二级标准,其夏季超标率为8%,冬季超标率达到100%。成年人各污染物的暴露剂量均高于未成年人(P<0.05)。成年人中,自行车出行人群暴露剂量最高,步行出行人群暴露剂量最低(P<0.05)。未成年人中,自行车出行人群和汽车出行人群暴露剂量无显著差异,步行出行人群暴露剂量显著低于其他两个人群(P<0.05)。结论武汉市道路边环境中,成年人的暴露水平要高于未成年人,机动车尾气污染物自行车出行人群的暴露水平最高,步行出行人群的暴露水平最低。Objective To investigate the exposure level to vehicle exhaust pollution for population by different commuting modes in roadside environment in Wuhan. Methods Eight air monitoring sites were selected in the six main roads in urban area of Wuhan, Hubei province. The concentrations of NO2, CO, total hydro carbon （THC）, PM10, benzene, toluene and xylenes （BTX） emitted from the vehicles were monitored and analyzed in winter and summer of 2007, respectively and combined with breathing rate and time spent of the population in traffic environments, exposure doses of different subpopulation were calculated as indicators in order to evaluate their exposure level to traffic exhaust. Results The PM10 was the primary pollutant on the roadside. Compared with the Ambient Air Quality Standard, the rate of exceeding standard limit for PM10 was 8% in summer and 100% in winter. As for on the roadside, the exposure level for adults was higher than that for the children （P〈0.05）. For adults, there was highest exposure dose for the adult commuting by bicycle （P〈0.05）. For children, there was no significant difference between the groups commuting by bicycle and by car. The exposure dose was the lowest for the group commuting on foot （P〈0.05）. Conclusion In roadside environment of Wuhan, the exposure level of adults to vehicular pollution is higher than that of children. The exposure level to vehicular pollution is the highest for the group commuting by bicycle, and the lowest for the group commuting on foot.

关 键 词：空气污染 道路边环境 尾气污染 暴露剂量 暴露评价 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]