如何发现DNA是生命的遗传物质  

How to Discover That DNA Is the Genetic Material of Life

作　　者：翁屹[1] 张翮[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,合肥230026

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2010年第2期1-7,共7页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：从核酸的发现到DNA双螺旋结构模型建立历时80余年,人类最终确认了DNA是生命的遗传物质,解决了一个生命科学研究中极其关键的重大问题。因此,对此段历史的研究具有重要意义。全面回顾此间发生的对揭示DNA的结构和功能具有重要影响的事件,包括米歇尔发现核酸、列文提出"四核苷酸假说"、格里菲斯等人的转化实验、査伽夫提出碱基配对规律,以及沃森和克里克建立DNA双螺旋结构模型,在此基础上阐述人类发现DNA是遗传物质的研究历程,进而探讨科学研究的规律。It has been more than 80 years to establish the double helix model of DNA structure since nucleic acids was found in cell. Ultimately DNA is confirmed the genetic material of life,so a key problem of life science research is solved. Therefore,researching into this period of history is of great significance. The authors recall some events comprehensively which play an important role in the revelation of the structure and function of DNA. These include nucleic acid found by Miescher,＂four-nucleotide hypothesis＂ proposed by Levene,Griffith＇s conversion experiment,base-pairing rules proposed by Chargaff,as well as the establishment of Watson and Crick＇s DNA double helix model. The authors illustrate the course of human discovering DNA is genetic material in life in order to explore the law of scientific research.

关 键 词：核酸 脱氧核糖核酸 四核苷酸假说 查伽夫规则 DNA双螺旋 

分 类 号：N06[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]