人小脑皮质组织发生及发育的定量分析  

Quantitative study on histogenesis and development of human cerebellar cortex

作　　者：符皎荣[1] 吴志虹[2] 林少影[3] 何忠平[1] 张彦慧[1] 洪灯[1] 郑小桃[1] 蓝永洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南医学院组织学与胚胎学教研室,海口571101 [2]海南医学院解剖学教研室,海口571101 [3]海南医学院法医学教研室,海口571101

出　　处：《解剖学杂志》2010年第2期189-192,共4页Chinese Journal of Anatomy

基　　金：河南省教育厅高校科研指导性项目（HJ162007117）

摘　　要：目的：探讨人胎儿和生后小脑皮质组织发生发育过程中细胞迁移、增殖、分化和各细胞层厚度、密度变化的规律.方法：应用H-E染色切片的光镜观察及形态测量学方法对40例出生前后意外死亡胎儿和婴儿小脑皮质的细胞层厚度和密度进行测量.结果：胎儿5月时小脑皮质为外颗粒层和分界不清的3层结构.6～8月时,由于细胞的增殖和向内迁移,形成明显外颗粒层、分子层、浦肯野细胞层和内颗粒层4层结构,外颗粒层厚度和密度在胚胎7～8月时明显增加,但随后因细胞持续内迁而逐渐减少,在生后8月时完全消失,形成小脑皮质永久性的3层结构.各层厚度均逐龄增大而密度则逐龄递减,其变化均在胚胎7～8月和生后5～6月较明显.结论：小脑皮质外颗粒细胞层是小脑皮质发育的过渡性次级增生区,在出生前,皮质细胞以增殖、迁移及进行初期分化为主,在出生后才逐渐完成细胞成熟分化和神经纤维网联过程.小脑皮质的发育在胚胎7～8月和生后5～6月是重要时期.Objective： To study the features of cell migration, proliferation and differentiation during the process of histogenesis and the changes of the thickness and cell density of apiece layer in fetal and postnatal human cerebellar cortex. Methods： H-E staining and light microscopic techniques were used to observe the changes of cellular and structural patterns. The thickness and density of layers was measured by morphometry method of 40 fetal and postnatal unexplained death victims were analyzed. Results： The cerebellar cortex of the 5th month consisted of a defined external granular layer （EGL） and an unidentifiable three layered structure. At the 6th-8th fetal months, four-layered structure appeared. Besides the EGL, the molecular layer （ML）, Pukinje cell layer （PCL） and internal granular layer （IGL） were clearly defined. The EGL became a thick and dense layer due to active cell proliferation during the 7th-Sth prenatal months. But it gradually to a discontinuous single layer and finally disappeared at 8th postnatal month, thus forming the three-layers definitive structure of cerebellar cortex. The thickness of the molecular and Pukinje cell layer increased while their density decreased, especially apparently changed during 7th-8th prenatal months and 5th-6th postnatal month. Conclusion： The features of cell proliferation, migration and primary differentiation in cerebellar cortex were shown to be mainly confined to the transient EGL in prenatal life during the completion of final differentiation of neurons and their nerve fiber-net after birth, and thus the EGL was evaluated as the secondary proliferative zone of fetal cortex. The important phase for cerebellar cortex development is the 7th-Sth prenatal months and P5-6M.

关 键 词：小脑皮质 组织发生 发育 形态计量学 胎儿 婴儿 

分 类 号：R322.81[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]