室内受控条件下黄海鳀鱼的生殖生态学特征  

The charctaeristics of reproductive ecology of anchovy Engraulis japanicus in the Yellow Sea under laboratory conditions

作　　者：胡东方[1,2] 孙耀[2] 李富国[2] 唐启升[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,青岛266003 [2]山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2010年第2期1-7,共7页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2006CB400607)资助

摘　　要：在实验室群体培养条件下探讨了黄海鳀鱼Engraulis japanicus的生殖生态学特征。结果表明,当年生鳀鱼在次年6月下旬发育至性成熟。卵巢发育程度与对应时间的关系可以用指数函数予以描述;同一时间内不同体长鳀鱼的卵巢发育程度存在显著差异。鳀鱼卵巢内的卵细胞有着显著同步、批次发育现象;对受精卵胚体发育的连续观察进一步证明,鳀鱼卵巢内卵细胞的发育是序列式的,且每一个发育阶段卵细胞是以同步的、成批的方式排出体外的。鳀鱼产卵活动受光周期控制,主要是在日落后2～3h开始,持续时间约3h。如以初次发育成熟卵巢内能够予以计数的卵细胞计,其个体平均批生殖力为(11.3±5.9)×103粒/ind.,且个体批生殖力与体长之间呈正相关关系。除排卵前期,90%以上的鳀鱼卵存在卵裂现象,但其中的(35.4±10.3)%发育至囊胚期前死亡;进入原肠期后,直至孵化前,存活率趋于相对稳定。如采用囊胚期胚胎的存活率计算鳀鱼的受精率,其平均受精率为(54.8±15.1)%。In this study, the reproductive ecology of anchovy Engraulis japanicus in the Yellow Sea was investigated under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the newborn anchovy matured in late June in the following year. Exponential function can be used to describe the relationship between developing time and the corresponding developmental stage. At the same time, the ovarian development degrees of anchovy with different body length were signifi- cantly different. After continuous observations, it was found that the ova developed in sequence-manner, and the ova in each developmental phase were discharged synchronously and batch-wisely. Anchovy spawning activity was controlled by the light cycle, starting at 2-3 hours after sunset and lasting about 3 hours. The batch fecundity calculated by the number of eggs spawned by individual fish was （11.3±5.9）× 10^3/ind., and there was positive correlation between batch fecundity and body length. Except in the early ovulation, merogenesis existed in over 90% of anchovy zygotes,in which （35.4±10.3） % died before blastula phase, and the survival rate tended to be relatively stable between gastrulae phase and incubation phase. The fertilization rate of anchovy was （54.8±15.1）%, calculated based on the survival rate of blastocyst.

关 键 词：生殖生态学 鳀鱼 黄海 室内受控条件 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学] Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]