黑河流域草原蝗虫分布特征及其与生境的关系  

Relationship between distribution characteristics of grasshoppers and habitat in the Heihe River Basin

作　　者：周伟[1] 赵成章[1] 王科明[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2010年第5期147-152,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：十一五国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD46B07);十一五国家科技支撑计划重大项目(2007BAC03A10);西北师范大学知识与科技创新工程(NWNU-KJCXGC-03-20;NWNU-KJCXGC-03-46)资助

摘　　要：草原蝗虫生态分布特征及其与环境因子的关系研究,是揭示蝗虫地理发生规律的理论基础。以黑河中上游天然草地为例,采用野外调查和定量分析方法,研究了不同草地蝗虫组成、生态种组分布特征。结果表明:黑河中上游天然草地的地形、气候条件和土壤、植被组成具有明显异质性;连续4年野外采集蝗虫38种,隶属于3科11属,32个多布种蝗虫在相关性系数为0.05处聚为8个生态种组,蝗虫具有极为广泛的生态适应性,同时草原区的生境决定着蝗虫的地理分布格局,研究区域蝗虫主要分布在海拔2000～3000m的祁连山地。温度因子是蝗虫种属组成的促进因子,其它因子为抑制因子;温度与降水量是蝗虫密度的促进因子;极端最低温与蝗虫种属组成存在极显著关系(r=0.706、0.761,p<0.01),与蝗虫密度存在显著关系(r=0.665,p<0.05)。By using field investigation and quantitative analysis,we studied the correlation between grasshopper composition,ecological species groups and habitat in different grassland of the middle and upper reaches of the river Heihe.Results indicated that terrain,climate condition,soil and vegetation composition have significant heterogeneity in middle and upper reaches of the river Heihe,a total of 38 grasshopper species belonging to 11 genera and 3 families were captured during continuous four years,32 more-area-distributed grasshopper species were classified as 8 ecological species groups when the correlation coefficient is 0.5.Grasshoppers have very widely ecological adaption,meanwhile grassland habitat determinate geographical distribution patterns of grasshoppers,grasshoppers in the researched region mainly distribute at the altitude range of 2000-3000 meters of Qilian Mountains.Temperature is the promoting factor to grasshopper species composition,while other factors are inhibitors;Temperature and precipitation are the promoting factors to grasshopper density.The correlation between extreme minimum temperature and grasshopper species composition is very significant（r=0.706,0.761,p〈0.01）,and exists a significant correlation with grasshopper density（r=0.665,p〈0.05）.

关 键 词：草原蝗虫 生态分布 聚类特征 与环境的相关性 黑河流域 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]