粳稻三系亲本的性状特征与杂种优势分析  

Analysis of Characteristics and Heterosis of Three-Line Parents in Hybrid Japonica Rice

作　　者：张宏根[1] 孔宪旺[1] 朱正斌[1] 汤述翥[1] 裔传灯[1] 顾铭洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/教育部植物功能基因组学重点实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2010年第5期801-809,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD01A01-7);江苏省高技术研究计划招标项目(BG2004302)资助

摘　　要：收集具有代表性的BT型粳稻不育系、保持系及恢复系各16个,共配制229个杂交粳稻组合,就三系亲本的性状特征、粳稻的杂种优势、不同性状亲子间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)恢复系和保持系的潜在库容相近,但恢复系分蘖性较弱、结实率和千粒重较低,单株产量显著低于保持系。恢复系的垩白度显著高于保持系,直链淀粉含量极显著低于保持系。改良外观品质和提高结实率是今后恢复系选育的主要目标。(2)杂交粳稻普遍存在较强的中亲优势,多数性状的超亲优势不强,但在生长势上则表现非常明显的竞争优势。杂交粳稻大穗优势突出,但结实率多表现负向优势,是目前制约杂交粳稻产量优势发挥的主要限制因素。(3)杂种的多数性状由不育系和恢复系共同决定,杂种与中亲值的相关性最好。比较而言,抽穗期、穗总粒数等性状与不育系关系较为密切,株高、穗实粒数、结实率、品质性状与恢复系关系较为密切。Sixteen representative varieties each for BT-type cytoplasmic-nucleic male sterility （CMS） lines, maintainers and restorers were collected respectively, and 229 hybrid combinations were developed in this study. Then the correlations between parents and progenies were analysed on the all traits. The main results are as follows： （1） Compared with the maintainers, the restorers had higher plant height, thicker stalk and bigger panicle. The latent storage capacity of the maintainers and restorers was about 30 gram on an average, and the restorers had less tillers, lower seed setting rate and lower 1000-grain weigh, resulting in the lower yield per plant. The chalkiness degree of restorers was higher than that of maintainers, while the amylose content of restorers was significantly lower than that of maintainers. （2） The mid-parent heterosis of hybrid japonica rice was strong, while the over-parent heterosisof most characters was weak excepting the competitive advantage of growth vigor. The panicles of hybrid japonica rice were big, showing the positive heterosis, but the seed setting rate had a negative heterosis, which was the main limiting factor on the yield heterosis of hybrid japonica rice. （3） Analysis of the correlation between parents and their progenies indicated that the correlation between the character values of F1 combinations and this mid-parent valueswas the best. Comparatively, the correlations between CMS lines and F1 in heading date and total spikelets per panicle were significant, while the correlations of restorers and F1 in plant height, filled grains per panicle, seed setting rate, yield per plant and quality characters were significant.

关 键 词：粳稻 质核互作雄性不育系 恢复系 杂种优势 相关分析 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]