大同南郊北魏墓群人骨的稳定同位素分析  

作　　者：张国文[1] 胡耀武[1] 裴德明[1] 宋国定[1] 王昌燧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院研究生院人文学院科技史与科技考古系

出　　处：《南方文物》2010年第1期127-131,共5页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：中科院知识创新方向性项目(KJCX3.SYW.N12);国家自然科学基金(40702003);中国科学院研究生院院长基金

摘　　要：探索中原地区农耕文明对游牧民族的影响,对于揭示游牧民族的汉化过程、了解民族间的相互交流和融合具有非常重要的意义。本文对山西大同南郊北魏(拓跋鲜卑)墓群出土的人骨进行了C、N稳定同位素分析,旨在揭示其食物结构的基础上探讨农耕文化对其生活方式的影响。一至四期出土人骨的δ13C值为-9.12±0.85‰,表明其主要以C4类食物为主,而其δ15N值(9.56±0.76‰)甚高,显示先民曾摄取大量肉食,即拓跋鲜卑进入中原地区之后,似乎仍以畜牧业为主,而受中原地区农耕文明的影响甚小。至于δ13C和15N异常的四个样品,可能来自其他地区。结合考古资料和相关文献,不难发现,与慕容鲜卑相比,拓跋鲜卑的汉化之路更为艰难。The Northern Wei cemetery which belongs to the nomadic Tuoba Xianbei ancestors is located in the southern suburbs of the Datong City. It is very important to explore the relationship between the farming culture and the nomadic culture, as well as the communications and amalgamation between different nations. We used the means of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes analysis to explore the palaeodiet and living style of the Tuoba ancestors. Results of variance analysis show that δ13C （P=0.96 〉0.01） and δ15N （P=0.57〉0.01） values have no significant differences during 4 phases. The δ13C values （-9.12±0.85%）. of human collagen showed that. these ancestors mainly relied on C4 plants resources. High δ15N values（9.56±0.76‰） suggested that Tuoba Xianbei were still a nomadic nation due to the consumption of a large amount of animal proteins sources. Meanwhile. stockbreeding was still the most important economic pattern in Tuoba Xianbei after the southwardly migrating to the Datong city, indicated that the farming economy of Han nation had a limited influence on Tuoba Xianbei. Sample DT-6,DT-7,DT-19 and DT-35 had a relative different values of δ13C and δ15N, indicated that they may be immigrants. Combined with the investigating of archaeological materials and literature information, we knew that the chinesization road of Tuoba Xianbei was more difficulty than Murong Xianbei.

关 键 词：农耕 畜牧业 汉族 拓跋鲜卑 C N稳定同位素分析 汉化 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]