豆科牧草和灌木在元谋干热河谷小流域综合治理的应用研究  

The Application Research of Leguminous Forage and Shrub Used in the Comprehensive Control of Small Watershed in the Arid-hot Valleys of Yuanmou,Yunnan Province

作　　者：龙会英[1] 金杰[1] 张德[1] 史亮涛[1] 张明忠[1] 朱红业[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,云南元谋651300 [2]云南省农业科学院科研管理处,昆明650231

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2010年第2期254-258,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2008BADB3B08);云南省自然科学基金(2008CD182);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目"2006BAC01A11"

摘　　要：根据干热河谷金雷小流域水土流失严重,土壤退化,肥力低等现状,利用热带牧草具有饲养牲畜、改良土壤及保持水土功能,开展热带牧草在金雷小流域综合治理的应用研究。结果表明:①果草复合高效栽培模式中,龙眼园行间种植柱花草,其培肥改土效果是显著的,随着种植年限增加,土壤中有机质、速效磷、速效钾、碱解氮值含量逐年增加;②植物篱埂应用模式中,在农用旱地地埂种植灌木南洋樱为生物篱埂,具有一定保水培肥效果,农作物横坡种植,水土流失得到有效控制,侵蚀模数减少了12986.8(t/km2.a),水土流失减少率76.02%,鲜叶作为绿肥其培肥改土效果是显著的;③庭院经济种草养兔模式中,开展几种鲜草混合饲喂肉兔效果及经济效益研究,饲喂新西兰肉兔,菊苣的适口性最好,饲喂效果较好,适宜在干热区扩大种植,发展肉兔养殖。According to the present situations of severe soil and water loss, heavy soil degradation and low soil fertil- ity in Jinlei small watershed of arid-hot valleys, we developed an application research on the comprehensive control of the Jinlei small watershed by the use of the tropical forage and shrub＇s functions in livestock to feed, soil im- provement and soil and water conservation. And the research results showed as follows： （1）Intercropping of Dimo- carpus longgana Lour. and Stylosanthes guianensis improved soil quality significantly. With plant aged, soil or- ganic matter and available N, P and K increased accordingly year by year. （2）To plant Gliricidia sepium （Jacq.） Steud. as hedgerows on arable land could prevent soil erosion to some extent and increase soil quality. The cross slope planting could decrease 76.02% of soil and water loss and the erosion modulus decreased 12 986.8 t/（km2 ~ a）, It was good for improve soil quality to plough into fresh leaf of Gliricidia sepium （Jacq.）;（3）To feed rabbit with several mixed fresh forage made economic benefits in courtyard economy. Study on the effects and economic benefits of feeding New Zealand meat rabbits with the Cichorium Inlybus showed that its dainty characteristic was the best choice and Cichoriurn Inlybus also had good feeding effect, all of which meant that Cichorium Inlybus was suitable to expand its planting area to develop meat rabbit feeding.

关 键 词：豆科牧草和灌木 干热河谷 小流域 综合治理 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] X171.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]