旋转轴与平移轴联动误差的快速测量及溯源  

Rapid Error Measurement and Trace of Simultaneous Rotary-Translational Axes Collaborative Motion

作　　者：周玉清[1] 陶涛[1] 梅雪松[1,2] 姜歌东[1] 孙挪刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学机械工程学院,西安710049 [2]西安交通大学机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室,西安710049

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报》2010年第5期80-84,共5页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50875203);国家高技术研究发展计划重点资助项目(2008AA042405)

摘　　要：为了对多轴数控机床旋转轴与平移轴联动误差进行快速测量与溯源,提出了一种基于数控机床内置的光栅尺、编码器等无传感器信息的评估方法.该方法通过对数控系统的二次开发,可获取配置不同数控系统的多轴机床的无传感器信息,依据旋转轴与平移轴的联动特性,构造了具有一些球杆仪特征的虚拟杆,且规划了虚拟杆切向测试路径,并采用单旋转轴与两平移轴联动方式,进行圆度误差测试,实现了多轴数控机床旋转轴与平移轴联动误差的动态快速测量.此外,基于虚拟杆的工作原理,分别建立了联动误差关联及解耦模型,并提出了利用空间圆周图谱和小波频谱技术进行联动误差快速溯源的策略.试验结果表明,所提出的旋转轴与平移轴联动误差测试与溯源方法实用、有效,为多轴数控机床旋转轴与平移轴联动误差补偿奠定了基础.To rapidly measure and trace the simultaneous rotary-translational（R-T）axes motion error of multi-axes numerical control（NC）machine tool,a kind of motion error estimation method based on built-in sensor,such as grid scale and motor encoder,is proposed.The sensorless information of multi-axis NC machine tool is obtained via the redevelopment of the different NC system.According to the characteristics of simultaneous R-T axes motion,a virtual bar with some functions of ballbar is constructed.And the virtual bar-based test path of circular error test through collaborative motion of a rotary axis and two translational axes is scheduled,which is implemented to measure the simultaneous R-T axes motion error of multi-axis NC machine tool.Then,the coupling and decoupling mathematical models of the motion error is established based on the test principle of the virtual bar,respectively.To localize the error sources conveniently,some typical spatial error charts and the wavelet spectrum analysis technology are introduced.The experimental results show the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method for measuring the motion error.

关 键 词：旋转轴 误差测试 误差溯源 无传感器 

分 类 号：TP273[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]