基于GNSS的轨道占用识别技术综述  

A Survey of Track Occupancy Recognition Technology Based on GNSS

作　　者：王剑[1] 张辉[1] 蔡伯根[1] 上官伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学电子信息工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《铁道学报》2010年第2期93-97,共5页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2007AA11Z214);国家自然科学基金项目(60870016;60776833;60736047);北京交通大学校科技基金项目(2007XM001)

摘　　要：列车的位置信息是列车控制系统的重要的基础信息,基于卫星导航(GNSS)的列车定位是近年来的研究热点,轨道占用识别是实时确定列车所在的股道及具体位置。本文介绍基于GNSS的轨道占用识别的原理,分析GNSS技术应用于轨道占用识别的可行性以及应用中的难点,包括GNSS用于轨道占用识别的精度及完好性问题,以及初始定位时的轨道识别问题。阐述目前国内外已有的一些基于GNSS的轨道占用识别方法,包括检测道岔状态、辅助应答器、检测航向角、地图匹配、隐马尔可夫模型,详细分析其原理、功能以及优缺点,认为采用隐马尔可夫模型进行定位不需要其他辅助手段,并可以有效地解决初始化定位问题,是一种较好的方法,需要进一步研究并进行实际测试验证。The train position information is very important for the train control system.Satellite-based navigation is the focus in recent research.Recognizing the track of the train is to determine which track the train is on and its specific location.This paper introduces the principle of recognizing the train occupying track and analyzes the feasibility of using GNSS in track occupancy recognition and the difficulties in application.The accuracy and integrity of track occupancy recognition by GNSS and the problems of track occupancy recognition in initial positioning are dealt with.This paper describes some existing GNSS-based track occupancy recognition methods at present.They includ switch states detection,recognition by balises,heading angle detection,map matching and application of the Hidden Markov Model,and their principles,functions,advantages and disadvantages are analyzed.The Hidden Markov Model is considered better in positioning since it does not need any auxiliary means and it is able to solve the intial positioning problems well.It is expected to do more researches and practical tests.

关 键 词：轨道占用识别 GNSS 列车定位 

分 类 号：U284.48[交通运输工程—交通信息工程及控制]