兰州市中小学生常见病流行状况及形体发育分析  

Analyses of physical growth and development and common diseases of primary and middle school students in Lanzhou City

作　　者：魏学玲[1] 张本忠[2] 金俊成[1] 马丽莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州市城关区疾病预防控制中心,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国校医》2010年第5期324-327,共4页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

基　　金：兰州市城关区科技局资助项目(08-4-3)

摘　　要：目的了解兰州市中小学生的形体发育状况和常见病患病情况,为开展学校卫生保健,促进少年儿童健康提供科学依据。方法以2006年兰州市40所小学、10所中学7～15岁共27567名在校学生为对象,采用身高、体质量、视力、常见病患病情况等为观察指标,开展学生健康状况监测,对监测数据进行分析和评价。结果视力低下随年龄增长而上升,女生检出率明显高于男生;男生、女生沙眼患病率随着年龄增大逐渐降低,各年龄段沙眼患病率男生患病率均高于女生;龋齿也随年龄增大龋患率逐渐降低,但性别差异无统计学意义,7～9岁是龋齿的高发年龄段;中小学生身高和体质量发育在上等和下等级别的分布明显偏低。结论视力低下、沙眼和龋齿仍然是影响兰州市中小学生身体健康的常见病;兰州市中小学生体格发育总体尚好,但问题也很突出,应针对常见病和体格发育的问题加强学校卫生工作。Objective To understand the status of physical growth and development and common diseases of primary and middle school students in Lanzhou City, so as to provide the evidence for health policy-making. Methods A total of 27 567 students of 40 primary schools and 10 middle schools in Lanzhou City were selected by using the whole sampling method and investigated for their physical growth and development and the prevalence of common diseases. According to the protocol of The Chinese School Hygiene Annual Report Form of Health Ministry, the common diseases including hypopsia, trachoma and dental caries were epidemiologically surveyed, and the height and weight of the students were measured, and all the data were statistically analyzed. Results The rate of hypopsia of the students increased with the increase of their age, and the rate of schoolgirls was higher than that of schoolboys. The rate of trachoma went up with the increase of their age, and the rate of schoolboys was higher than that of schoolgirls, and the same as caries without difference between schoolgirls and schoolboys. Caries showed higher rates between ages of 7-9 years. Although the development of height and weight showed generally a good status, the distribution in top-class and low-class was lower than that of other cities. Conclusions Hypopsia, trachoma and dental caries are still common diseases insulting the health of the students in Lanzhou. The physical development of primary and middle school students show generally a good status but there are some problems.

关 键 词：体质量 身高 近视 龋齿 沙眼 中小学生卫生保健服务 

分 类 号：G478[文化科学—教育学]