震后6个月都江堰地区青少年心理问题及影响因素  

Mental Health Problems and Correlates among Adolescents 6 Months after Exposed to the Wenchuan Earthquake

作　　者：范方[1] 柳武妹[1] 郑裕鸿[1] 崔苗苗[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学心理应用研究中心,广东广州510631

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2010年第1期56-59,共4页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30770767);广东省政府第一批应急管理研究课题(粤办函[2008]809号0809)

摘　　要：目的:考查汶川地震6个月后都江堰地区青少年的PTSD、焦虑、抑郁的检出率及人群特点,并探究其影响因素。方法:分层整群取样,用创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PTSD-SS)、儿童焦虑性情绪筛查量表(SCARED)、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)、青少年社会支持量表(SSRS-CA)评估都江堰地区初一至高一学生1925名。结果:震后6个月都江堰地区青少年的PTSD、焦虑、抑郁检出率分别为15.9%、40.8%和24.4%;女孩(OR=2.03-2.70)、青春后期(OR=1.71-2.12)、地震中有亲人伤亡(OR=1.45-2.41)是PTSD、焦虑、抑郁的共同危险因素,非独生子女是焦虑的危险因素(OR=1.72),大量目睹惨烈场景(OR=1.39-2.18)是PTSD和抑郁的危险因素;主观社会支持(OR=0.88-0.95)和对支持的利用度(OR=0.74-0.88)是PTSD、焦虑、抑郁共同的保护性因素。结论:震后6个月都江堰地区青少年存在较多的心理问题;指导青少年发现、建构、维护、寻求和利用社会支持资源对于促进其创伤修复和心理健康有重要意义。Objective： To explore the prevelence and correlates of posttramatic stress disorder （PTSD）, anxiety and depression among adolescents in Dujiangyan - a severely damaged area - 6 months after 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Methods： 1925 students from grade 7 -10 in Dujiangyan district were sampled to fill out the Self -Rating Scale for Posttramatic Stress Disorder, the Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders, the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children and, Social Support Rating Scale for Children and Adolescents. Results： The detectable rates of PTSD, anxiety and depression were 15.9%,40.8%和 24.4% respectively. Logistic Regression analysis showed： female （OR=2.03- 2.70）, 15-18 years-old （OR=1.71-2.12）, and those with casualties of family members （OR=1.45-2.41） were common risk factors for the mental health problems; additionally, non-only-child was a risk factor for anxiety （OR=1.72） and witnessing the tragedy was also a risk factor for PTSD and depression （OR=1.39-2.18）, while subjective social supports （OR=0.88- 0.95） and utilization of social supports （OR =0.74 -0.88） were protective factors for PTSD, anxiety and depression. Conclusion： Adolescents are risky population with mental health problems after earthquake exposure. It would be effective and meaningful to guide the survival adolescents to construct, maintain, seek and utilize their social supports.

关 键 词：汶川地震 青少年 心理问题 危险因素 保护因素 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]