微波遥感技术监测土壤湿度的研究  

Review of Microwave Remote Sensing on Soil Moisture Monitoring

作　　者：赵少华[1] 秦其明[1] 沈心一[1] 王志强 邱国玉[3,4] 随欣欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学遥感与地理信息系统研究所,北京100871 [2]民政部国家减灾中心/国际减轻旱灾风险中心,北京100053 [3]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室 [4]北京师范大学资源学院,北京100875

出　　处：《微波学报》2010年第2期90-96,共7页Journal of Microwaves

基　　金：气象行业科研经费专项(GYHY200806022);国家“863”高技术研究发展计划(2008AA121806,2009AA12Z128);中国博士后科学基金(20090450223)

摘　　要：土壤湿度在全球气候环境变化中具有重要的作用,微波遥感技术具有监测这一参数的诸多优势。其原理是基于土壤水分在一定范围内和土壤介电常数密切相关。该文从主动微波遥感及被动微波遥感的算法、应用和存在问题等方面分别阐述了当前微波遥感在土壤湿度反演中的研究进展,其中重点介绍了应用较广泛的主动微波遥感中的合成孔径雷达(SAR)和被动微波遥感中的高级微波扫描仪(AMSR)。主动微波遥感中,如何减少或摆脱对地面参数测定特别是粗糙度的依赖、如何采用有效的植被散射模型去除植被影响等问题是未来关注的热点和难点。被动微波遥感中对模型的机理研究还很欠缺,需要结合辐射传输机理及波动论等加强对机理的探讨。另外主被动结合的微波遥感中,对尺度转换、数据同化等技术的研究将是未来关注的重要方向。Soil moisture（SM）plays an important role in global environment.The technique of microwave remote sensing（RS）has many advantages in monitoring the critical environmental parameters,its principle based on the close relation between soil water content and soil dielectric constant.This paper states the advances of microwave RS on SM retrieval from active microwave and passive microwave RS algorithm,application and shortcoming.The techniques of Synthetic Aperture Radar（SAR）and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer（AMSR）are introduced respectively as emphasis,which both have a wide application.In active microwave RS,the present and future issues are in focus on how to decrease or get rid of the dependence of ground parameters measurements,how to decrease or eliminate the vegetation effects using available scatter models,and so on.In passive microwave RS,the research of model mechanism is lacking,more related studies need to be conducted,in combination with raditative transfer equation and wave analytic theory.In their combined fields,issues mainly concentrate on the scale transformation,data assimilation,etc.

关 键 词：雷达 微波 植被 粗糙度 

分 类 号：TP722.6[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]