试论北朝圆形石质墓的渊源与形成  

On the Origin and Formation of the Northern Dynasties Circular Stone Tombs

作　　者：倪润安[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国考古学研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2010年第3期57-63,共7页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"中国古代丧葬:从晋制到唐制的考古学研究"(项目批准号:07JJD780121)成果

摘　　要：北朝晚期,山东圆形石质墓的出现可能源于清河崔氏乌水房对北魏云冈椭圆形石窟的取法。以墓葬形制模仿石窟形制,体现的是当时比较常见的将佛教因素引入墓葬的做法,是当时地位较高者的权利。崔光推动这种做法,是为了整体提升家族地位,彻底告别"平齐民"的俘虏身份,以重新树立起门阀士族的新形象。云冈一期的椭圆形窟是拓跋鲜卑石室(祖庙)崇拜和穹庐居住遗风相结合的产物,当云冈二期反映汉化趋势的方形双窟流行时,椭圆形窟又成为与之相对立的鲜卑旧俗的象征。在胡汉斗争的复杂形势下,善于"随时俯仰"的崔光选择了比较稳妥的椭圆形制。In the late Northern Dynasties, there were some circular stone tombs at the grave of Qinghe Cui family at Wushui, Shandong. They possibly imitated the Northern Wei Dynasty oval stone caves of Yungang Grottoes, which were the combinations of TuoBaXianBei＇ s stone temple and domed living tents. When the square double caves as new sinicizing custom were popular, oval stone caves became the symbol of XianBei old custom. In the struggle of the new and the old, Cui Guang from Qinghe Cui family at Wushui adopted a compromise. That is, they built the underground oval or circular stone caves as tombs.

关 键 词：北朝 圆形石质墓 清河崔氏乌水房 椭圆形石窟 

分 类 号：K239.2[历史地理—历史学]