褪黑素与病毒感染  

Melatonin and viral infections

作　　者：叶吉云[1] 叶吉明[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南医学高等专科学校,650031 [2]云南省第一人民医院

出　　处：《中国实用医药》2010年第15期254-257,共4页China Practical Medicine

摘　　要：本文阐述了褪黑素(MT)对病毒感染的作用,特别是对委内瑞拉马脑脊髓炎(VEE)的治疗作用,MT也能延长由塞姆利基森林病毒(SFV)接种而引发的疾病,并且能减少因隔离或地塞米松注射而产生应激的西尼罗河病毒(WNV)感染小鼠的死亡率。宿主经由外周免疫刺激而产生活性,对病毒抵抗力的增加与这些作用有关。在VEE感染的小鼠中,MT延长了疾病的发生和死亡的天数,并且减少了死亡率。在鼠类VEE病毒感染中观察到的MT的保护作用,并不是TNF-a和INF-r的作用,而应归功于白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的增加。MT治疗也能提高对VEE病毒的免疫作用。活性氧簇能传播病毒,并且其有害作用可以被MT减弱,氧化亚氮在传播VEE病毒中起着关键性作用,MT能抑制一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)活性,并且是一种有效的氧化亚氮清除剂。总之,由于MT免疫调节作用、抗氧化作用和神经保护作用,表明MT必将成为另一种与病毒类疾病作战的治疗选择。The therapeutic effects of melatonin against viral infections, with emphasis on the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis （VEE）, are reviewed.Melatonin has been shown to prevent paralysis and death in mice infected with the encephalomyocarditis virus and to decrease viremia. Melatonin also postpones the onset of the disease produced by Semliki Forest virusinoculation and reduces the mortality of West Nile virus-infected mices tressed by either isolation or dexamethasone injection. An increase in the host resistance to the virus via a peripheral immunostimulatory activity is considered responsible for these effects. It has also been demonstrated that melatonin protects somestrains of mink against Aleutian disease, and prevents the reduction of B-and T-cells as well as Th1 cytokine secretion in mice infected with leukemia retrovirus. In VEE-infected mice, melatonin postpones the onset of the disease and death for several days and reduces the mortality rate. This protective effect seems to be due to the increase in the production of interleukin-1b （IL-1β）, as 100% of the infected mice treated with melatonin die when IL-1β is blocked with antimurine IL-1b antibodies. Although melatonin administration raises serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-a） and interferon-gamma （IFN-c）, the mortality observed in neutralization experiments with the corresponding anticytokine antibodies, suggests that neither TNF-a nor IFN-c are essential for the protective effect of melatonin on murine VEE virus infection. Melatonin treatment also enhances the efficiency of immunization against the VEE virus. Reactive oxygen species have been implicated in the dissemination of this virus, and their deleterious effects may be diminished by melatonin. This indole inhibits nitric oxide synthetase activity and it is a potent scavenger of nitric oxide, which also plays an important role in the spread of the VEE virus. In conclusion, the immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects of melatonin suggest that th

关 键 词：细胞因子 脑脊髓炎 免疫系统 褪黑素 活性氧簇 病毒性感染 

分 类 号：R742.9[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]