脆弱生态区生态系统服务消费与生态补偿研究:进展与挑战  

Consumption of Ecosystem Services and Eco-Compensation Mechanism in Ecological Sensitive Regions: Progress and Challenges

作　　者：甄霖[1] 刘雪林[1] 李芬[1] 魏云洁[1,2] Hannes Koenig 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]德国莱布尼兹农业景观研究中心,柏林慕钦堡15374

出　　处：《资源科学》2010年第5期797-803,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973):"中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全"(编号:2009CB421106);科技部中-欧科技合作专项"中国土地空间多功能利用与可持续性决策系统研发"(编号:0813);国家科技支撑计划课题:"可持续发展功能分区技术开发(编号:2006BAC18B01);"国家生态恢复重建的综合检测评估关键技术研发"(2006BAC08B06)

摘　　要：人类社会对生态系统服务的需求和消费日益增加,对生态系统状态和生态系统服务的可持续供给产生了深刻影响。人类采取了一系列响应措施来维持生态系统的健康,其中通过生态补偿的途径来保护生态系统成为当前学术界关注的热点。本文的目的是结合脆弱生态区的研究结果,对近年学术界在生态系统服务消费和生态补偿研究领域实质性进展进行论述,提出相关研究面临的挑战。分析表明,生态系统服务消费在理论研究的基础上,正在向消费行为、消费方式、消费效用,以及对环境和社会经济综合影响的定量化研究发展;生态补偿研究在补偿标准厘定方面有了重要进展,利益相关者分析方法的应用使得补偿主客体界定更具科学性。但是,应当充分重视相关研究面临的挑战和亟待解决的问题,为生态系统保护和满足人类福祉需求提供保障。Human’s increasing demand and consumption of natural ecosystem services have been significantly affecting the status and sustainable provisioning of ecosystem goods and services. Human consumes ecosystem services in a different way,which primarily includes direct and indirect consumption.Direct consumption is comprised of provisioning goods and services,and indirect consumption contains services in supporting human,regulating the natural ecosystems and in culture as well as recreation.For instance,human consumes indirectly soil formulation services, as it is a fundamental basis for food and other biomass production.Therefore,consumption of ecosystem goods and services by humans has been affecting many aspects of natural ecosystems. In response to such a situation and in order to mitigate negative effects caused by human’s intensive activities,several initiatives have been made,among which eco-compensation or payment for ecosystem services was adopted and considered an effective and useful approach for ecosystem protection and environmental conservation.This paper aims to discuss recent progress made by the scientific community in the field of ecosystem service consumption and eco-compensation,and point out the challenges ahead.It is stated that on the basis of development of theory and domain of ecosystem service consumption,increasingly more attentions are being paid to quantitative analysis of consumption behavior,consumption approach and utility function gained from the consumption. Human’s consumption can be generally divided into 5W1H,i.e.,who,when,what,where,why, and how.Models in regard to consumption of ecosystem services refer to the major characteristics of the consumption in certain period of time,including consumption contents,levels,structure, approaches,trend and other relevant features of the consumption.In terms of research on eco-compensation,major progress is represented by determination of payment standards,which is a core for eco-compensation study.On the other hand,introduction and appl

关 键 词：生态系统服务消费 生态补偿 消费效用 利益相关者分析 生态足迹 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]