鄱阳湖区农户生态补偿意愿影响因素实证研究  

An Empirical Analysis on Factors Affecting the Willingness of Farmers to Accept Eco-compensation in China’s Poyang Lake Region

作　　者：李芬[1] 甄霖[1] 黄河清[1] 魏云洁[1,2] 杨莉[1,2] 曹晓昌[1,2] 龙鑫[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《资源科学》2010年第5期824-830,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题:"国家生态恢复重建的综合监测评估关键技术研发"(编号:2006BAC08B06);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973):"中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全"(编号:2009CB421106);科技部中-欧科技合作专项"中国土地空间多功能利用与可持续性决策系统研发"(编号:0813)

摘　　要：本文运用问卷调查方法和统计学的Multinomial Logistic方法,研究生态补偿机制中微观经济主体-农户的行为与选择的问题,确定农户是否具有生态补偿意愿,及影响农户生态补偿意愿的主要因素。结果表明:有近51.5%的受访农户接受生态补偿政策,23.7%的农户不愿意实施生态补偿政策,还有16.3%的农户不知道该如何选择。选择维持原样的农户占8.51%。根据分析结果,进一步揭示出收入水平的差异在很大程度上影响着当地农户的生态补偿意愿;就业和收入来源的多元化在一定程度上成为激励农户的生态补偿意愿的重要因素;农业比较收益低下是造成家庭人口数量多的农户生态补偿意愿高的根本动因;农业经营者老龄化现象是导致生态补偿意愿下降的重要原因;而农业生产流动资本投入的增多将弱化了农户的生态补偿意愿。由此得出,生态补偿的实施还有待于进一步改进和完善,维持农民基本的生存和发展权利,通过技术培训提高劳动力的就业能力,调整当地产业结构,扶持农业优势(支持)产业形成,提高农业经营者的收益是生态补偿成功实施的重要保证。Eco-compensation programs have become a popular measure in China to combat ecological degradation and reduce the risk of natural hazards.Eco-compensation is a type of institutional arrangement to protect ecosystem services to realize their sustainable use and to adjust the distribution of costs and benefits among different stakeholders,mainly through economic measures.In recent years,research in regard to eco-compensation primarily focuses on ecosystem valuation and design of eco-compensation mechanism.Still,behaviors and willingness of micro-economic individuals（e.g.,farmers）seem to receive relatively less attention.In fact, stakeholders who own the use rights of arable land could show a direct and the most critical impact on eco-compensation.It is,however,considered that factors affecting the willingness of farmers to accept eco-compensation are not well understood.This study aims to identify these factors for the Poyang Lake region in China using the multinomial logistic regression.Poyang Lake is the largest fresh water lake in China,with rural areas surrounding the lake being characterized by high population density,rural poverty,an aging population and increased labor migration.Intensive agricultural use,levee construction and lake sedimentation have jointly contributed to severe flood events.To reduce the risk of floods,China’s central government has launched a wetland restoration program through converting agricultural land to wetlands.In the present study,an analysis of the questionnaires from 270 households showed that the income gap was one of major factors affecting the willingness to accept eco-compensation.51.5%of the respondents in Poyang Lake were in favor of the eco-compensation policy,23.7%of the feedback suggested that their livelihoods had been adversely impacted by the policy and 16.3%of the respondents had no idea about the policy. A large family size,non-agricultural job opportunities and consequently a variety of income sources resulted in the positive attitudes of farmers towards the

关 键 词：生态补偿 意愿 影响因素 农户 鄱阳湖区 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]