中国城乡消费水平差异对资源环境影响的比较  

A Studyon the Effect of Differences in Consumption between Urban and Rural Areas on the Resource-Environment in China

作　　者：吴文恒[1] 牛叔文[2] 陈辉[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,西安710127 [2]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《资源科学》2010年第5期917-923,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(编号:09JK778);陕西省科技计划攻关项目(编号:2008K08-06)

摘　　要：中国城乡发展差异显著,消费水平不一,造成人口消费占用的资源环境空间差距较大。本文探究城乡不同消费群体的资源环境影响效果,有助于更好地认识资源环境问题,促进城乡科学协调发展。基于人均消费性支出和单位人概念,研究了1957年-2005年中国城乡消费对资源环境影响的时序变化及相对状况。结果表明,当前1个单位人对环境产生的压力相当于1950年代6～7个单位人的压力;1个城镇居民消费占用的资源环境空间约相当于3个农村居民消费占用的空间;城镇居民对资源环境影响强度超过农村居民约20年;城镇居民对资源环境影响总量增加了34.2倍,农村居民增加了8.33倍;1957年城镇居民对资源环境影响量占36.09%、农村居民占63.91%,2005年城镇居民占68.05%、农村居民为31.95%;1997年之前农村人口消费对资源环境影响量占较大份额,1997年以来城镇人口消费成为资源环境影响的主要方面。Differences in economic development and consumption level between urban and rural areas in China are obvious,leading to a vastly varying resource-environment characterized by consumption per capita.Investigating the effect of the consumption between urban and rural areas on the resource-environment may therefore be helpful for address problems of inequity and promoting harmonious development between urban and rural areas.This paper aims to examine the effect of the difference in consumption between urban and rural residents on the resource-environment during the period 1957 to 2005 by per capita consumption expenditure in combination with the unit person method and a constructed consumption model.Results are shown as follows.During the period of 1957-2005,the impact intensity of urban residents on the resource-environment changed from 1.064 unit persons to 6.63 unit persons.In contrast,that of rural residents changed from 0.343 unit persons to 2.347 unit persons.At present,per capita environmental load was found to be roughly 6-7 persons’environmental pressure in the 1950s.The impact intensity of one urban resident was approximately equal to that of three rural residents.The impact intensity of rural residents on the resource-environment in 2005 was generally equal to that of urban residents in 1986.It was also found that in 1957,the impact of urban residents on the resource-environment was estimated to be 105.88×106 unit persons,while it was around 3 726.91× 106 unit persons in 2005,increased by 34.2 times.In the meantime,per capita impact of rural residents on the resource-environment increased from 187.52×106 unit persons to 1 749.62×106 unit persons on the whole,increased by 8.33 times.In 1957,the impact of urban residents on the resource-environment basically accounted for 36.09%,while that of rural residents was 63.91%. Up to the year 1965,the percentage of the former slightly decreased to 34.37%,while the latter 65.63%was still the highest within the whole study period.Since then,the former gradually

关 键 词：消费水平 资源环境 单位人 城乡 中国 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学] F205[经济管理—国民经济]