列车车轮踏面制动温度循环试验与温度场仿真分析  

The Temperature Cycle Test of Wheel Tread Braking for Freight Trains and the Simulation Analysis of the Temperature Field

作　　者：应之丁[1] 李小宁[1] 林建平[2] 朱建安[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学铁道与城市轨道交通研究院,上海200092 [2]同济大学机械工程学院,上海200092

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2010年第3期70-75,共6页China Railway Science

基　　金：上海市科委科技攻关计划项目(061111009)

摘　　要：在分析货物列车踏面制动方式下车轮踏面热振裂纹和车轮热疲劳裂纹产生机理的基础上,以国内碾钢车轮材料为对象进行踏面制动温度场试验,重点研究制动过程中摩擦热源向转动车轮踏面表面传热的关系,模拟车轮旋转周期内闸瓦摩擦生热和对流换热交替变化的规律,建立车轮制动过程瞬态温度场三维有限元模型,改进以整体输入热流和对流换热的简化模式为基础的传统理论的热应力计算方法。通过在摩擦制动动力试验台进行的制动试验,证明计算模型从宏观和细节方面比较完整地反映了车轮踏面制动热温度场的实际工况。为确定车轮踏面制动极限和作用方式、列车制动距离等技术规范提供计算依据。The generation mechanisms of the thermal shock cracks and the thermal fatigue cracks of the wheel tread were analyzed under the wheel tread braking mode of the freight trains.On this basis,the temperature field tests of tread braking were fulfilled with the domestic wheels of rolled steel material,which focused on the heat transferring relations from the friction pair to the rotation wheel tread surface in the braking process.Through simulating the law of alternating variation about the friction heat convection and the heat transmission in one wheel rotating cycle,a three-dimensional finite element model of the transient temperature field in the tread braking process was developed to revise the calculation defects of the thermal stress based on the traditional theory which simplified the heat-flow presumption from overall input to heat convection and transfer,and was confirmed through the tread braking temperature verification tests in the friction brake power-test-bed.The temperature field simulation can fully reflect the actual status from the whole to details and can be further used to determine the limit of the wheel tread braking mode,provide more reliable parameters and theoretical analysis for the development of braking mode and braking specification.

关 键 词：踏面制动 热疲劳 温度场 有限元模型 试验研究 

分 类 号：U260.351[机械工程—车辆工程] U270.35[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]