不同季节对青贮窖中全株玉米青贮品质和营养价值的影响  

Effects of Seasons on the Quality and Nutritional Values of Whole-plant Corn Silage

作　　者：闫贵龙[1,2] 曹春梅[2] 刁其玉[1] 邓凯东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,北京100081 [2]河北北方学院牧业工程系,张家口075000

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2010年第5期557-563,共7页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD04A04-05)

摘　　要：为探讨季节对青贮窖中全株玉米青贮品质和营养价值的影响,分别在冬、春、夏季从地上青贮窖中以每日取料厚度5、10、20、40 cm取样,进行青贮品质检测、化学成分分析和体外消化率测定。结果显示:冬季、春季对全株玉米青贮的微生物含量无显著影响(P>0.05),但夏季取料厚度5、10 cm时真菌含量极显著高于冬季和春季(P<0.01);全株玉米青贮过程中当pH降到3.76后还有一个漫长的缓慢降低过程,这个过程从冬季一直持续到第2年夏季;在这个过程中,NDF、ADF等不易被微生物利用的营养物质比例逐步提高,而容易被微生物利用的总糖比例逐步减少,体外DM消化率逐步降低。结果提示,青贮窖中全株玉米青贮随着保存时间延长,营养价值会逐渐降低;夏季时全株玉米青贮每日取料厚度应大于10 cm。The effects of seasons on the quality and nutritional values of whole-plant corn silage in silos were evaluated in this study.The silage were sampled 5,10,20 or 40 cm behind the removal surface of whole-plant corn silage in aboveground silos in winter,spring and summer,and analysed for the quality,chemical components and in vitro DM digestibility.The results showed that the population of microorganisms in the silage was not affected significantly in winter and spring（P0.05）,but the fungal population in the silage taken 5 or 10 cm behind the removal surface was higher in summer than that in spring or winter（P0.01）.After decreasing to 3.76,the pH value of the whole-plant corn silage continued to drop for a long time from the winter to next spring and summer during which the nutrients unavailable to microorganisms such as NDF and ADF,increased gradually and those available nutrients such as total sugars,decreased proportionally,and in vitro DM digestibility decreased gradually,too.Therefore,nutritional values of whole-plant corn silage decreased gradually during storage in silos,and the daily removal rate of the silage should be over 10 cm in summer.

关 键 词：营养价值 青贮品质 全株玉米 青贮窖 季节 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]