有机氯农药在粤西海域沉积物和生物体中的累积研究  

Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides in organisms and sediments in the western coastal waters of Guangdong province

作　　者：施震[1,2] 张大文[1] 黄小平[1] 汪飞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所热带海洋环境动力学重点实验室,广东广州510301 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2010年第3期114-119,共6页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金："908"专项(GD908-01-01;GD908-02-02);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KZCXZ-YW-Q07)

摘　　要：2007年11月在粤西海域采集鱼、虾和螺类等生物样品及表层沉积物样品,探讨生物体和沉积物中滴滴涕(DDTs)和六六六(HCHs)累积水平和各组分的组成规律。调查发现,沉积物中HCHs和DDTs的总含量分别是4.77ng.g-1和9.06ng.g-1,沉积物中γ-HCH未检出,且δ-HCH和β-HCH所占比例较大,表明粤西沿岸海区近期无新的HCHs输入。沉积物中(DDE+DDD)/T-DDT=0.97≈1,表明粤西沿岸海区基本上没有新的DDT的输入。生物体内HCHs和DDTs的含量分别为0.84—14.90ng·g-1和0.60—18.40ng·g-1,其中天竺鲷Apogon cyanosoma和日本对虾Penaeus japonicus中累积的HCHs主要以α-HCH的形式存在,分别占73.96%和100%,而纵带箬鳎Brachirus swinhonis、斑节对虾Penaeus monodon和疣荔枝螺Thais clavigera中HCHs的主要存在形式分别是γ-HCH(66.10%)、β-HCH(57.14%)和δ-HCH(61.48%),这说明不同生物体对HCHs的累积方式存在很大差异;疣荔枝螺、天竺鲷、斑节对虾、日本对虾和纵带箬鳎中的(DDE+DDD)占DDTs总量的百分比分别是100%、100%、91.5%、91.4%和60.5%,表明这些生物体具有较强的降解DDT能力。各种生物体内DDTs和HCHs的含量都未超过世界卫生组织所规定的食用安全标准,但是其复合毒性对人类健康的潜在危害值得引起人们的高度关注。Levels and profiles of DDTs and HCHs in fish, shrimp, snail and sediments in the westem coastal waters of Guangdong province are discussed in this paper. The total concentrations of DDTs and HCHs in sediments were 9.06ng.g-1 and 4.77ng.g-1, respectively. γ-HCH in sediments was not detected; β-HCH and 8-HCH accounted for a large proportion, in- dicating that there was no current import of fresh HCHs into the western coastal waters of Guangdong province. High value of （DDD＋DDE）/T-DDT （0.97） in sediments suggested that there was no current import of fresh DDT into the area. The total concentrations of DDTs and HCHs in biota were 0.60-18.40ng-g-1 and 0.84-14.90ng-g-l, respectively. The main forms of HCHs were et-HCH （73.96% in Apogon cyanosoma and 100% in Penaeus japonicus）, y-HCH （66.10% in Brachirus swinhois）,β-HCH （57.14% in Penaeus monodon） and 8-HCH （61.48% in Thais clavigera）. This reflects different ways of bioaecumula- tion of HCHs among organisms. The （DDD＋DDE） percentage of Thais clavigera, Apogon cyanosoma, Penaeus monodon, Penaeusjaponicus and Brachirus swinhonis made up 100%, 100%, 91.5%, 91.4%, 60.5% of total DDTs. This indicates that DDT might be effectively biodegraded by organisms. Though none of the contents of DDT and HCH in various organisms exceeds the tolerable daily intake proposed by the World Health Organization, more attention should be paid to the potential risks of co-toxicity of various toxins to human health.

关 键 词：有机氯农药 粤西海域 沉积物 生物体 同分异构体 

分 类 号：P762.31[天文地球—海洋科学]