噪声对人思维能力的影响  

Effect of Noise on Human Mental Performance.

作　　者：韩厉萍[1] 吴兴裕 李学义[1] 张舒[1] 王涛[1] 李小京 

机构地区：[1]第四军医大学空军医学系

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》1999年第1期28-31,共4页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

摘　　要：目的观察中等强度噪声对人的思维作业绩效的影响。方法在８５、９０ｄＢ（Ａ）暴露２ｈ期间，２４名健康青年男性受试者进行了连续计算、连续减法及识符检数作业任务测试。结果在８５ｄＢ（Ａ）噪声条件下暴露１ｈ，与对照比较，被试者连续计算的正确率、在一定时间内计算总数、正确数无显著改变；但连续减法一定时间内正确数、计算总数均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。在９０ｄＢ（Ａ）噪声暴露３０ｍｉｎ及２ｈ识符检数测试的平均反应时、反应时绩效均较对照值显著延长（Ｐ＜０．０１），其综合绩效虽有下降的趋势，但无统计学意义。被试者按ＥＰＱ问卷Ｅ值的高低分为两组后，两组被试者在９０ｄＢ（Ａ）噪声条件下２ｈ识符检数测试的正确率绩效和综合绩效相差显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），外向组高于内向组。结论本实验８５、９０ｄＢ（Ａ）两种强度噪声条件下暴露２ｈ，对人的思维作业任务的绩效有一定的影响，表明中等强度噪声对较为复杂或脑力负荷较大的作业的工效会有一定的影响，且该影响与被试者的性格特性有关。Objective To investigate the effect of moderate noise on human thinking performance. Methods During 2 h of exposure to 85、90 dB(A), successive calculation, successive subtraction and determining figures according symbol were performed in 24 healthy young male subjects. Results After 1h exposure to noise of 85 dB(A), there were no significant changes in the accurate rate, correct number and total number of successive calculation, but the correct number and total number of successive subtraction decreased significantly as compared with control (P<0.05). At 30 and 120 min exposure to noise of 90 dB(A), the mean reaction time prolonged, performance of reaction time decrease significantly (P<0.01) in the test of determining figures according symbol as compared with control; its total performance had a tendency of decrease, but was not significant. When the subjects were divided into two group according to their E score of EPQ,signifcantly different performance of accurate rate and different total performance were demonstrated in the test of determining figures according to symbol at 2 h of expossure under 90 dB(A) noise. The performance of extrovert was higher than that of introvert. Conclusion Moderate noise could affect performance of complex tasks with a higher workload and it had certain relationship with the personality of the subjects.

关 键 词：噪声 思维 工效学 实验 作业绩效 

分 类 号：R852.24[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学] R857.1[医药卫生—临床医学]