基于径流调控的集雨补灌苹果利用模式研究  

Utilization Model of Supplementary Irrigation Apple with Harvested Rainwater Based on Runoff Regulation

作　　者：孟岩[1,2,3] 高建恩[1,2,3] 杨世伟[1,2,3] 梁改革[1,2,3] 赵文君[1,2,3] 韩浩[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]国家节水灌溉工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2010年第6期21-25,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD09B01;2006BAD01B04);国家自然科学基金项目(5080956;40701092)

摘　　要：针对我国优质苹果主产区黄土高塬沟壑区苹果的产量和品质常受干旱与水土流失及不合理施肥因素的制约，通过在典型高塬沟壑区塬面的降雨径流收集补灌苹果的水肥耦合试验，分析集雨补灌苹果利用模式的配置指标。结果表明适宜于黄土高塬沟壑区的集雨补灌苹果利用模式指标参数可初步确定为：不同降水保证率年份收集全部径流所需修建固化土集流面面积为360～570m^2／hm^，配置水窖容积为107．44m^3／hm^2；补灌灌水定额57．75m^3／hm^2；补灌时间为萌芽期和果实膨大期；施肥纯量基准为0．2kg／株；肥料配比N：P：K为1：2：2，同时该模式产投比达到1．41，且能有效的减少地表径流量，防止水土流失。最后提出了此模式适宜应用和推广的地区。Based on the yield and quality of apple are always affected by drought, soil erosion and irrational fertilizationin in gully area of loess plateau, which is production areas of high-quality apple. According to the water and fertilizer coupling experiment of rainfall runoff collection for supplementary irrigation apple in typical gully region of Loess Plateau, we can analysis the placement indices in the supplementary irrigation apple utilization model. The results indicate that the index parameters of supplementary irrigation apple utilization model which are suitable for gully area of loess plateau can be determined preliminarily： The collected total runoff which we need to construct the stabilized-soil catchment area is 360-570 m^2/hm^2 in different rainfall insurance rate year, and the matching cellar volume is 57.75 m3/hm2 , the supplementary irrigation quota is 107. 44 m^3/hm^2 , and the stage of germination and fruit enlargement in supplementary irrigation period： the standard for fertilizer amount is 0. 2 kg/strains; conclude a reasonable fertilizer combination N：P：K is 1 ： 2 ： 2, and the ratio of output to input can reach 1.41 at the same time, further more, it can be used in decreasing the surface runoff effectively, and avoiding the water loss and soil erosion. Finally, propose the area where this model can be applied and promoted.

关 键 词：高塬沟壑区 降雨径流 水肥耦合 集雨补灌 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]