贵州喀斯特山区野生葡萄实生苗抗旱机理研究  

Drought-resistance Mechanism of Four Kinds of Wild Vitis Seedlings in Karst Regions of Guizhou Province

作　　者：潘学军[1,2] 张文娥[3] 杨秀永[3] 李顺雨[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学喀斯特山地果树资源研究所,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省果树工程技术研究中心,贵阳550025 [3]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2010年第5期955-961,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：贵州省省长基金项目[黔省专合字(2006)10号];贵州省创新人才团队建设项目(黔科合人才团队(2008)88007号);贵州省特色农业产业人才培养基地建设项目;贵州省果树工程技术研究中心建设项目(黔科合农G字[2007]4001号)

摘　　要：以4份2生年喀斯特山区野生葡萄实生苗为试材,通过塑料大棚盆栽试验研究了自然干旱胁迫下野生葡萄幼苗的外观形态特性和生理指标变化规律,探讨其抗旱性及其抗旱机理.结果表明;(1)4份野生葡萄的抗旱性存在明显差异,以葛藟葡萄小七孔-3的抗旱性最强,毛葡萄天河潭-2的最差.(2)干旱胁迫期间,小七孔-3的1级旱害症状出现时间比天河潭-2晚12d,且旱害指数始终小于其他3份种质.(3)抗旱性强的野生葡萄叶片相对含水量、可溶性蛋白含量高于抗旱性差的株系,而其叶片水分饱和亏、细胞膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量变化则相反,且材料间差异随着干旱程度的增强而增加;(4)野生葡萄叶片相对含水量与其旱害指数间呈极显著负相关,而其水分饱和亏、相对电导率、丙二醛含量与旱害指数间呈极显著正相关;细胞膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量增加是导致葡萄旱害的首要因素.研究发现,在干旱胁迫下,抗旱性强的野生葡萄叶片膜系统稳定,水分散失较少,细胞电解质外渗较低,渗透调节物质可溶性蛋白含量增加,从而维持了正常的生理代谢活动.Drought resistance and its physiological mechanisms of wild Vitis in Karst regions were studied under drought stress by taking four two-year old wild Vitis seedlings as experimental materials.The results show that the drought resistance of these four wild Vitis seedlings were different,the ＇Xiaoqikong-3＇（Vitis flexuosa Thunb.）had the highest resistance,while the drought resistance of ＇Tianhetan-2＇（Vitis quinquangularis Rehd.）was the least.During whole drought stress periods,the time of first drought hazard symptom of ＇Xiaoqikong-3＇ was 12 days later than that of ＇Tianhetan-2＇.The index of drought hazard of ＇Xiaoqikong-3＇ was smaller than those of the others.The relative water content of leaves and the soluble protein of which has high drought resistance were higher than those has lower drought resistance.While the water saturation deficit,the cytolemma osmosis and the contents of malondialdehyde（MDA） were adverse and the difference between the drought-resistant resources and drought-sensitive resources and they were more and more obvious as the drought stress prolonged.The path coefficient analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the relative water content and the index of drought hazard,but a significant positive correlation between the water saturation deficit,the cytolemma osmosis,contents of MDA and the index of drought hazard.The MDA content was the major factor to drought damage.Thus the drought-resistant wild Vitis seedlings had stable membrane,its water dissipation was less,cell electrolyte leakage rate was lower;osmotica soluble protein decreased;accordingly,their physiological and metabolic activity was normal.

关 键 词：喀斯特山区 野生葡萄 种质资源 抗旱机理 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]