威海寻山人工鱼礁海域底栖生物群落组成与结构  

Benthic Community Composition and Structure in the Coast of Xunshan Artificial Reef

作　　者：孙利元[1] 潘永玺[2] 杨宝清 邱盛尧[2] 焦金菊[2] 汤宪春[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学,青岛266003 [2]烟台大学海洋学院,264005 [3]山东省海洋捕捞生产管理站,烟台264001 [4]山东省海洋水产研究所,烟台264006

出　　处：《齐鲁渔业》2010年第6期4-7,共4页Shandong Fisheries

摘　　要：2009年4月30日对威海寻山人工鱼礁投放海域5个礁区及1个对照区底栖生物群落进行对比调查。共鉴定出底栖生物31种(礁区31种,非礁区1种),隶属于4门24科,软体、环节、节肢动物门为优势类群,其中软体动物门14科20种,占总种数的64.51%。多种生态学指数计算底栖生物群落的特征值,发现礁区与非礁区在底栖生物群落组成和结构差异显著,礁区物种多样性更为丰富,群落结构更趋复杂,建礁效果明显:建礁后礁区底栖生物量呈明显上升趋势,礁区平均生物量(95.4 g/m^2)明显高于非礁区(1.78 g/m^2),是后者的53.60倍;非礁区多毛类数量较多,礁区生物平均丰度与非礁区基本持平。礁区Margalef物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener物种多样度指数分别为4.34和5.34。McNaughton物种优势度指数显示礁区杂色蛤、凸壳肌蛤、双带核螺等贝类为丰度优势种。Jaceard种类相似性指数仅0.032(<0.5),底栖生物区域性分布较为明显,两区域物种相似度较小。Contrast investigation of benthic community was made between 5 reef areas and 1 control plots along the coast of Weihai Xunshan in April 2009 where the artificial reef were builded.According to the surveys,31 species had been identified(reef areas 31,control plots 1),belonging to 4 kingdoms and 24 families,in which Mollusca,Annelida and Arthropoda were dominant.14 families and 20 species,Mollusca was 64.51%in all species.Several ecology indexs were used to calculate the characteristic value.It was found that the composition and structure of benthic community were significantly different between reef areas and the nonreef areas,species diversity of reef areas was even more richer,community structure more complex,the effectiveness of artificial reef model was obvious as flowing.The average biomass of reef areas(95.4 g/m^2) was 53.60 times than non-reef areas(1.78 g/m^2),while the average abundance of reef areas just liked nonreef areas,Margalef species richness index and Shannon-Wiener species diversity index of reef areas were 4.34 and 5.34.McNaughton species dominance index demonstrated benthic community structure were different,the dominant abundance organism in reef areas were Venerupis variegata,Musculista senhousia,Pyrene bicincta.Species similarity was fewer in different areas,Jaccard similarity index(JS) was only 0.032(<0.5),showing the regional distribution of benthic organisms was evident.

关 键 词：人工鱼礁 底栖生物群落 多样性指数 

分 类 号：S953.1[农业科学—水产养殖]