脉冲爆轰发动机的系统性能分析  

SYSTEM PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PULSE DETONATION ENGINES

作　　者：李旭东[1] 王爱峰[1] 王春[1] 姜宗林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院力学研究所高温气体动力学重点实验室,北京100190

出　　处：《力学学报》2010年第3期366-372,共7页Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(10632090)~~

摘　　要：采用简化的脉冲爆轰推进装置模型,利用热循环效率分析方法,推导了包含进气道总压恢复系数的热循环效率公式.并在特定来流条件下,考察了一个爆轰循环中进气道总压恢复系数和燃烧室初始温度对热循环效率和比冲的影响.研究发现,降低来流总压损失有助于提高热循环效率,而提高燃烧室初始温度能更有效地提高热循环效率.据此,提出了多级重起爆脉冲爆轰发动机概念,利用在突扩截面上解耦的爆轰波的前导激波去再次压缩工质,进一步提高工质的热力学参数,从而提高脉冲爆轰装置的热循环效率.推导了此种构型PDE的热循环效率计算公式,并对多级重起爆脉冲爆轰发动机进行了原理性论证.研究结果表明,多级重起爆方法提高了燃烧室的爆前温度,从而有效地提高脉冲爆轰发动机热循环效率.最后,关于出口工质的非完全膨胀的情况,做了定性的阐述,认为只有降低工质的出口压力,才能更有效增加工质的出口动能,从而提高热循环效率.A simplified model of Pulse Deotonation Engines（PDEs） is adopted in present paper to estimate the system performance with thermodynamic cycle analysis method.The analytical expression of PDE＇s thermodynamic cycle efficiency is derived in relation to the parameter of total pressure recovery coefficient.In addition, we attempt to investigate the influence of the total pressure recovery coefficient of PDE inlets and initial temperature of combustion chamber on the PDE thermodynamic cycle efficiency.The results demonstrates that, reducing total pressure loss of the inlets is beneficial to increase the thermodynamic cycle efficiency,and increasing the initial temperature of combustion chamber can even apparently enhance thermal efficiency.Based on the current results,Multistage Pulse Re-Detonation Engines（MPRDEs） configuration is presented in this paper for the first time.We use the Shockwave front of detonation waves decoupled at corner to compress the working medium,which improves the thermodynamical parameters of the working medium and PDE＇s system performance. The thermodynamic cycle efficiency of this configuration is derived,which demonstrates the possibility of MPRDE configuration theoretically.The result shows that,MPRDE configuration can improve the thermal efficiency effectively via raising working medium＇s temperature in front of detonation wave.Finally,because some of the working medium is not perfectly expanded when rushing out of nozzle,a qualitative discussing is carried out on PDE＇s thermal efficiency under different exit pressures.The moment of working medium will be promoted and thermal efficiency will be improved when the exit pressure is lowered.

关 键 词：脉冲爆轰发动机 热循环效率分析 多级重起爆脉冲爆轰发动机 

分 类 号：O381[理学—流体力学]