低温胁迫对番茄种子萌发的影响  

Effects of low temperature stress on germination of tomato seeds

作　　者：杜尧东[1] 段世萍[2] 陈新光[1] 胡飞[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东省气候中心,广州510080 [2]华南农业大学农学院,广州510642

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2010年第6期1109-1113,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重点项目(2006BAD04B03);科技部农业科技成果转化基金项目(2009GB24160496);中国气象局气候变化专项资助项目(CCSF-09-11)

摘　　要：在人工气候箱中模拟3个低温处理(24h最低/最高温度分别设定为7℃/12℃、5℃/10℃和3℃/8℃),分析了播种后不同天数低温胁迫对番茄种子萌发的影响。结果表明:与对照(18℃/25℃)相比,低温胁迫处理的温度越低影响越大,当日最低温度达到5.0℃、日均温低于10.0℃(相当于低温胁迫处理7℃/12℃)时,对番茄种子萌发的影响较为严重;播种后越早经受低温影响越大,播种后3d内经受低温胁迫,番茄种子发芽势、发芽指数和萌发率均有较大的下降,播种6d后低温胁迫对其萌发指标的影响较小;低温胁迫影响种子萌发的原因主要是低温导致了α-淀粉酶活性下降,相对离子渗漏率增加,从而减缓了番茄种子贮藏物质的降解,影响了番茄种子萌发初期的物质与能量代谢,并增强了细胞膜的透性,导致外渗物增多。Three levels of low temperature stress （7 ℃/12 ℃, 5 ℃/10℃, and 3 ℃/8 ℃ in 24 hours） were installed in a climatic chamber to study their effects on the germination of tomato seeds. Low temperature stress did give impact on the germination. Compared with the control （ 18 ℃/25 ℃ ）, the stronger the stress, the greater the impact was. When the daily minimum temperature was 5.0 ℃ or the daily average temperature was less than 10.0 ℃ （ corresponding to treatment 7 ℃/12 ℃ ）, the impact was more severe; and when the low temperature stress was encountered earlier, the impact was greater. When the low temperature stress was encountered within three days after sowing, the germination potential, germinating index, and germination rate of tomato seeds all had a sharp decrease. However, when the low temperature stress was encountered six days after sowing, the three indices were less affected. Low temperature induced the decrease of tomato seed a-amylase activity and the increase of relative ion leakage, and thus, decreased the degradation of seed starch and enhanced the permeability of seed cell membrane, which could be the main reasons for the impact of low temperature stress on tomato seed germination.

关 键 词：番茄种子 低温胁迫 萌发 Α-淀粉酶活性 相对离子渗漏率 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]