4种蕨类草本植物对Cu的吸收和耐性研究  

Research on Cu uptake and tolerance of four pteridophyta plants

作　　者：李影[1] 王友保[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学生命科学学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《草业学报》2010年第3期191-197,共7页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30470270);安徽师范大学博士启动基金;安徽省高校生物环境与生态安全省级重点实验室基金;安徽省重要生物资源保护与利用研究省级重点实验室基金资助

摘　　要：采用野外调查分析和温室营养液砂培实验的方法,研究了铜尾矿区附近生长的4种蕨类植物对重金属Cu的耐性和吸收积累特性。结果表明,节节草和蜈蚣草对Cu的耐性较大叶井口边草和金星蕨高。Cu污染条件下,前两者的根系耐性指数较高,其中,节节草根系耐性指数相对最高,平均为1.24,蜈蚣草次之,为0.69,大叶井口边草相对最低,不足0.50。各植物对Cu均以地下部积累为主,且积累量随Cu处理浓度的增加而显著升高,地上部Cu含量相对较低,与Cu处理浓度之间均无显著相关。植物对Cu的吸收和积累能力因植物种类而不同,其大小顺序为蜈蚣草>节节草>大叶井口边草>金星蕨。由于蜈蚣草生物量明显大于节节草,各处理浓度下,蜈蚣草地上部迁移总量均较高。在20mg/LCu污染下,蜈蚣草地上部迁移总量为55.87mg,节节草仅为5.74mg。总之,节节草和蜈蚣草对铜具有较高的耐性和积累作用,可作为先锋植物去修复铜污染土壤。其中,当进行铜污染土壤的植物稳定和植被恢复时,可选择耐性强、覆盖快的节节草;若要对污染土壤进行生物净化,可选择生物量较大的蜈蚣草。The tolerance to heavy metal Cu,the absorption and accumulation of Cu by four pteridophyta plants in the vicinity of Cu mine tailings were studied based on analysis of field samples and greenhouse solution-culture pot culture.The results showed that the tolerance capacity of Equisetum ramosissimum and Pteris vittata were stronger than that of Parathelypteris glanduligera and Pteris multifida,and that the ability of absorption and accumulation was presented in the order P.vittataE.ramosissimumP.multifidaP.glanduligera.The index of root tolerance of E.ramosissimum and P.vittata was higher with the average content of 1.24 and 0.69,while that of P.multifida was the lowest with the average content less than 0.5.Most of Cu was deposited in the underground parts of the four plants,which were positively correlated with the stress concentration of Cu,while the content of Cu distributed in the above-parts were insignificantly related to Cu concentration.The total heavy metal translocation of P.vittata was higher because of big biomass,with the Cu content of 55.87 mg than that of E.ramosissimum of 5.74 mg in the above-part of both plants when polluted by 20 mg/L Cu.It may be concluded that E.ramosissimum and P.vittata can be chosen for phytoremeditation of Cu polluted areas due to their higher tolerance and accumulation ability and that P.vittata is more suitable for phytopurification and phytomediation of Cu polluted soils,whereas E.ramosissimum is a better species for the purpose of revegetation of the soils polluted by Cu.

关 键 词：蕨 铜 吸收 耐性 迁移总量 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] Q948.12[生物学—植物学]