农业生物多样性测度指标的建立与应用——以贵州省从江县为例  

A Study on the Assessment Index of Agrobiodiversity: A Case on Congjiang County in Guizhou Province

作　　者：张丹[1,2] 成升魁[1] 何露[1,2] 闵庆文[1] 焦文珺[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《资源科学》2010年第6期1042-1049,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：联合国-西班牙千年发展目标基金项目"文化与发展伙伴关系"成果产出2.1"从江农业文化遗产保护与发展规划"(UNJP/CPR/040/SPA)

摘　　要：农业生物多样性是人类当前和未来产业发展、资源开发、战略性种质资源保存与利用、生物安全等的重要物质基础。然而,随着人口的增长,高产品种的推广,化肥、农药的过度施用以及政策变革和经济建设等原因,农业生物多样性不断遭到破坏或丧失,对其保护已成为全球可持续农业研究中的焦点。农业生物多样性的评价是有效保护农业生物多样性,合理利用其资源,促进区域可持续发展的关键。本文以Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、等级多样性测度为基础,对农业等级多样性测度指标进行了研究;引入信息增益的概念,对农业生物多样性信息增益的测度指标进行了研究,并用农业等级多样性、信息增益及其他多样性指标分析评价了贵州省从江县的农业生物多样性。结果表明从江县旱地植物共有36科86种及变种。按用途分,主要有食用植物29种,占总物种数的33.7%;药用植物20种,占23.3%;饲料植物5种,占5.8%;其它5种,占5.8%。多样性指数分析的结果为:旱地物种Simpson优势度指数为0.20,Margalef丰富度指数为4.35、Shannon-Wiener指数为2.27,Pielou均匀度指数为0.71。农业多样性分析结果为:旱地农业物种丰富度为0.13;农业物种多样性指数分别3.225和1.708。农业等级多样性指数与利用物种数的变化趋势基本一致,并与农业物种丰富度指数的变化趋势基本相符,但与信息增益的测度指标有所差异。Agrobiodiversity not only provides humans with a primary source of cloths and foods but also a variety of nutritive elements and medicines for human’s health.Various crops and gene resources of agrobiodiversity allow humans to develop biotechnology and provide them with a favorable eco-environment.However,with population growth,popularization of high-input,high-output new crop varieties,application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,deforestation,excessive exploitation,environment deterioration,excessive animal grazing,pest invasion,social changes and economic development,crop varieties and farmland biodiversity are becoming increasingly dependent on chemical pesticides,which has resulted in degradation of the soil microorganisms’ environment.As such,studying agrobiodiversity can advance agrobiodiversity conservation and sustainability.This paper aims to examine the hierarchical agrobiodiversity index on the basis of the Shannon-Wiener index and hierarchical diversity and introduced a concept of information gain.The agrobiodiversity information gain index was thus studied.The hierarchical agrobiodiversity index,the agrobiodiversity information gain index and other biodiversity and agrobiodiversity indices were used to assess the dry land of Congjiang County in Guizhou Province.Results showed that there are totally 36 families and 86 species （including subspecies） of plants in the studied region.Traditional utilization of plant resources by local people primarily focuses on its economic and medicinal use,showing 20 species （23.3%） for medicinal use,29 species （33.7%） for edible use,and 5 species （5.8%） for fodder.The species-richness,Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener diversity indices,and the Pielou community evenness indices of dry lands were estimated to be 29.5,0.20,4.35,2.27,and 0.71,respectively.The analysis of agrobiodiversity reveals that the average species richness of dry land was roughly 0.13 and agrodiversity indices of dry land were 3.23 and 1.71.The paper provides a new base for ass

关 键 词：农业生物多样性 测度指标 信息增益 贵州省从江县 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]