基于“压力—状态—响应”模型和分形理论的湿地生态健康评价  

Wetland eco-health assessment based on pressure-state-response model and fractal theory

作　　者：陈奕[1] 许有鹏[1] 宋松[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2010年第6期27-31,59,共6页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(No.2006BAB14B07);国家自然科学基金重点项目(No.40730635);国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.40571025;No.J0630535);高校博士点基金资助项目(No.2006084019)

摘　　要：科学评价湿地生态系统健康是湿地管理和保护的重要前提。以海河流域河北衡水湖湿地为例,采用"压力—状态—响应"(PSR)模型对其健康评价进行探讨研究,并对该模型的压力、状态和响应部分分别建立相应的指标体系;该指标体系不仅将生态、经济、社会要素结合起来,而且考虑了湿地所处地区的社会经济结构、湿地所具有的功能以及管理部门、个人及企业等对保护湿地所采取的措施。同时,根据湿地生态系统具有自组织、自相似的特征,基于分形理论对其进行评价。计算分析时首先对选择的各指标进行归一化处理,然后采用最小二乘法求解拟合曲线斜率的方法来计算分维数(D),由1/D得到脆弱度,以此作为评价健康程度的依据。计算结果表明,D=0.5826,则脆弱度为1.7164,表明衡水湖湿地生态系统处于不健康程度。该湿地亟待开展进一步的科学管理和生态保护。Scientific evaluation on wetland ecosystem health is an important prerequisite for wetland management and protection.In a case study,a comprehensive model of pressure-state-response（PSR）has been constructed so as to evaluate the eco-health of Hengshui Lake wetland in Hebei province.The index systems are established corresponding to pressure part,state part and response part of PSR model,these index systems should consider not only the connection between ecology and social economy but also the socio-economy structure of wetland local area,wetland functions as well as wetland protection measure taken by management departments,individuals and corporations.The wetland eco-health can be appraised with fractal theory based on characteristics of self-organization and self-similarity the wetland ecosystem has.The selected indices are normalized firstly in the calculation and analysis process,and then fractal dimension value（D）obtained by computing the equation slope of fitting curve with least square method.The vulnerability value is the reciprocal of dimension value which is the basis of healthy degree appraisal.The result indicates that D is 0.582 6 which correlated the vulnerability value of 1.716 4,the evaluation value revealed that ecosystem of Hengshui Lake wetland is in an unhealthy state.Thus the wetland is in urgent need of scientific management and protection.

关 键 词：PSR模型 分形理论 HAUSDORFF维数 生态系统健康 衡水湖 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]