对等辐照方位与建筑朝向的选择  

EQUIVALENT SOLAR RADIATION AZIMUTH AND THE SELECTION OF THE DIRECTIONOF BUILDING EXPOSURE

作　　者：孙汉群[1] 傅抱璞[2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏教育学院地理系 [2]南京大学大气科学系

出　　处：《地理学报》1999年第1期83-89,共7页Acta Geographica Sinica

摘　　要：本文计算并分析了墙面可照时间和天文辐射日总量及其随坡向的分布，从中发现，存在东西对称的方位，在该方位上墙面的可照时间或天文辐射日总量在冬夏半年各自对应的太阳赤纬时都相等，称之为对等日照方位和对等辐射方位，统称为对等辐照方位。并且，在对等辐照方位以南的各方位上冬半年的可照时间（天文辐射日总量）大于夏半年对应太阳赤纬时的值，而对等辐照方位以北各方位的情况相反。因而对等辐照方位可作为适宜建筑朝向选择的临界朝向。The sunrise and sunset hour angles on a slope are determined by considering the sun's horizontal hour angles and the non horizontal hour angles of the slope. Such coordinated relationship varies with latitude φ , slope angle α , slope azimuth β , and solar declination δ . When latitude φ and slope azimuth β meet the condition of |sin β |cos φ >sin23 45°, the coordination of sunrise and sunset hour angles has only one form for any solar declination δ . But when |sin β |cos φ ≤sin 23 45°, the coordination will vary with slope azimuth β . For any given solar declination δ and latitude φ , there are two slope azimuths β 1 and β 2 (where | β 1 |=arcsin(sin δ /cos φ ), | β 2 |=π-| β 1 |). Between β 1 and β 2 and beyond β 1 and β 2 , the coordination relationships are different. This detailed study provides a way to determine the concrete form of coordination for any slope azimuth. Based on the coordination of sunrise and sunset hour angles on a slope, we deduce a series of formulas that are used to calculate the daily duration of sunshine and the daily extraterrestrial solar radiation on the wall surface. From the results of calculation, we obtain the distribution of daily duration of sunshine and daily extraterrestrial solar radiation with slope azimuth. We find that there is a pair of slope azimuths, where the daily duration of sunshine in summer half of the year is equal to that in the winter half when the absolute values of solar declination are equal. These slope azimuths are called “equivalent duration of sunshine azimuth (EDSA)”. There is also a pair of slope azimuths where the daily extraterrestrial solar radiation in the summer half is equal to that in the winter half at the same time. These slope azimuths are called “equivalent insulation azimuth (EIA)”. Together, EDSA and EIA are called “equivalent solar radiation azimuth (ESRA)”. ESRA is a function of

关 键 词：墙面 对等辐照方位 建筑朝向 选择 

分 类 号：TU201[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] TU14