儒家社会主义，还是儒家自由主义？--从徐复观看现代新儒家“平等”观念的不同向度  

Confucian Socialism,Or Confucian Liberalism?——A Focus on Xu Fuguan to Examine Modern Neo-Confucian’s Diverse Orientations to "Equality"

作　　者：高瑞泉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国现代思想文化研究所 [2]华东师范大学哲学系,上海200062

出　　处：《学术月刊》2010年第6期26-34,共9页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“平等观念在现代中国的嬗变与价值”(06BZX038)的阶段性成果;上海市重点学科建设项目(B401)的资助

摘　　要：现代新儒家通常都既承认礼教与平等价值之间的断裂,又着意于从儒家传统出发去解释现代平等观念。它涉及复杂的系统,也呈现出不同的向度。作为"激进儒家"的徐复观,对不平等表达了强烈的抗议,虽然像其前辈熊十力等人一样,以"性善论"为平等的形上基础,但却更着意于将平等的形上学转变为平等的政治学和社会学。其法权平等的观念对于儒家维持特权、等级和权威主义的传统有所突破,通过对"德治"理想的改造,试图实现君主主体到人民主体的转变。这种儒家自由主义由于其产权理论和主张自由竞争的市场经济而更为彰显,同时也与熊十力那类主张公有制、且自上而下垂直运用政治权力的儒家社会主义表达了不同的向度。Most modern neo-Confucians would accept the break between Confucian Orthodoxy and the modern value of equality, also be anxious to comprehend equality in the consequences of Confucian tradition. Their explanations were built in a complicated theoretical system and showed diverse orientations. Xu Fuguan, as a radical Confucian, protested inequality strongly. His protest was also based on Mencius＇ metaphysical theory of ＂original goodness of human nature＂ just like his predecessor Xiong Shili, but Xu had paid more attention to transform equality metaphysics into equality politics or equality sociology. He had made some breakthroughs about equal rights to defend Confucian＇s tradition of privilege, social ranks, and hierarchy. His idea of reforming the traditional social purpose ＂virtual governance＂ was a constructive trial to alter national subject from monarchs into people. And Xu Fuguan also built theories on property rights, as well as free and competitive market economy. All these Confucian liberalist thoughts presented their different orientation from Confucian socialism, which claim for public ownership and vertical authority flowing down from the political center.

关 键 词：徐复观 平等 儒家自由主义 儒家社会主义 

分 类 号：B261[哲学宗教—中国哲学]