北京市不同体型小学生饮食行为调查  

Pupils' Dietary Behaviors with Different Figures in Beijing

作　　者：李珊珊[1] 王海俊[2] 吴双胜[1] 李百惠[1] 马军[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院/儿童青少年卫生研究所,北京100191 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院妇女与儿童青少年卫生学系

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2010年第6期662-664,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：科技部"十一五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目(编号:2008BAI58B)

摘　　要：目的比较北京市正常体重、超重和肥胖儿童的饮食行为状况,为制定儿童肥胖的营养干预措施和进行相关健康教育提供科学依据。方法选择北京市8所非寄宿制公立小学的二～五年级学生1581名,根据中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)制定的"中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体重指数值分类标准",对学生进行正常体重、超重和肥胖分类。采用自行设计的《小学生调查问卷》,对小学生进行饮食行为状况的问卷调查。结果北京市不同体型小学生每周吃早餐天数不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不吃早餐的肥胖学生最高(3.08%);每周只吃1～3d早餐和每周只吃4～6d早餐的超重学生最高(10.00%,14.17%);每天都吃早餐的正常体重学生最高(82.86%)。正常体重、超重、肥胖小学生对早餐食用新鲜蔬菜的应答率呈递减趋势;只有49.32%的北京市小学生每周喝奶≥7次。吃西式快餐≥4次/月、经常或每天晚上睡觉前0.5h吃东西、每周在外就餐≥14次的肥胖学生应答率均最高。大部分学生选择在学校吃午餐(76.80%)。结论北京市不同体型小学生饮食行为状况不同,应努力帮助儿童纠正不良的饮食习惯,使其坚持每天吃早餐、每天喝奶、科学减肥。Objective To compare the normal-weight,overweight and obese children＇ s dietary behaviors in Beijing,in order to provide the scientific basis for nutrition interventions and related health educations for childhood obesity.Methods Pupils in grade 2 to 5 were selected from 8 Beijing non-boarding public primary schools,and their height,weight were measured based on the ＂2005 National Student Detection Standard of Physical Health＂,and their BMI were also calculated.Normal-weight,overweight and obese students were categorized according to ＂Chinese Children and Adolescents Overweight and Obesity Body Mass Index Reference Norm for Screening＂ developed by Chinese Obesity Working Group （WGOC）.By using a self-designed questionnaire a survey was conducted among 1 581 pupils aged from 7 to 14 to know their dietary behaviors.Results Pupils with different shape in Beijing primary schools had different breakfast frequency in a week,and the difference was statistically significant（P0.05）.Obese students responded highest to not eating breakfast （3.08%）,and overweight students responded highest to eating breakfast 1-3 days and 4-6 days a week （10.00% and 14.17% respectively）,and normal-weight students responded highest to eating breakfast every day （82.86%）.The response rate of normal-weight,overweight and obese school children to eating fresh vegetables in breakfast had descending trend,and the response rate of normal-weight students to eating fresh fruits in breakfast was higher than that of overweight and obese students.Only 49.32% pupils insisted drinking milk ≥ 7 times a week.Response rates of obese pupils eating western-style fast food ≥ 4 times per month,often or every night eating in half an hour before sleeping,and eating outside ≥ 14 times a week were highest.Most students chose to have lunch at school （76.80%）.Conclusion Pupils with different shape have diverse eating behaviors,and some poor dietary behaviors may be the risk factors of overweight and obesity.Efforts should be take

关 键 词：体形 饮食习惯 超重 肥胖症 学生 

分 类 号：G479[文化科学—教育学] R153.2[文化科学—教育技术学]