青藏高原两类对流层顶高度的季节变化特征  

Seasonal Variation of Two Types of Tropopause Height over the Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：周顺武[1] 杨双艳[1] 张人禾[2] 马振锋[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210044 [2]中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081 [3]四川省气候中心,四川成都610071

出　　处：《大气科学学报》2010年第3期307-314,共8页Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：中国气象局成都高原气象研究所开放实验室基金项目(LPM2008007);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40675058)

摘　　要：根据青藏高原地区14个探空站近30 a（1979—2008年）的对流层顶逐日观测资料,分析了该地区上空热带对流层顶（第二对流层顶）和极地对流层顶（第一对流层顶）出现的频率及高度的季节变化特征。结果表明：（1）高原全年均可观测到第二对流层顶,其中在暖季（6—10月）第二对流层顶占绝对主导地位,而在其余月份则以复合对流层顶为主;（2）两类对流层顶高度在季节变化上存在着明显的差异,第一对流层顶高度在春秋（夏冬）季偏高（低）,第二对流层顶高度在春夏（秋冬）季偏高（低）,即第一（二）对流层顶高度的年变化曲线呈双（单）峰型;（3）两类对流层顶高度均存在明显的年际变化,第一（二）对流层顶高度除秋季存在准3.6 a（6 a）的周期变化外,其余季节均具有4.5~6 a（2~4 a）的振荡周期;（4）近30 a来高原第一（二）对流层顶主要表现出下降（上升）的趋势,尤其是第二对流层顶高度在冬、春季存在着明显的上升趋势。Based on the tropopause daily observation data of 14 sounding stations from 1979 to 2008 over the Tibetan Plateau,the frequence and the seasonal variation of the tropical tropopause（the second tropopause）and the polar tropopause（the first tropopause）were analyzed.The results indicate that the second tropopause is dominant from June to October over the Tibetan Plateau and the frequency of the two types of tropopause is roughly equal in other months.There are significant seasonal differences in the two kinds of tropopauses：the first tropopause presents a double-peak structure which is higher in spring and autumn and lower in winter and summer;the second tropopause presents a single-peak structure which is lower in autumn and winter and higher in spring and summer.There are obvious annual variations in the tropopause height：in each season,the first one has a periodic quasi-oscillation of 4.5 to 6 years in each season except autumn which has a 3.6-year one,while the second one has a periodic quasi-oscillation of 2 to 4 years except autumn which has a 6-year one.In recent 30 years,the first height has a mainly downtrend while the second one presents an opposite trend,which is even more obvious in spring and winter.

关 键 词：青藏高原 第一对流层顶 第二对流层顶 高度 季节变化 

分 类 号：P465[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]