高效石油降解菌的筛选及其降解性能研究  

Study on the Screening and Degradation Characteristics of Highly Efficient Petroleum Degrading Bacteria

作　　者：徐冯楠[1] 冯贵颖[2] 马雯[1] 王军玲[3] 李美秀[1] 王燕洁[1] 呼世斌[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学理学院,杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2010年第7期221-226,共6页Biotechnology Bulletin

摘　　要：从长期被石油污染的土壤中驯化筛选、分离出2株高效石油降解菌Y-7和Y-9,通过形态学特征的观察和生理生化试验对其进行初步鉴定,鉴定结果分别为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)。同时,研究并分析了不同pH、温度、初始石油浓度、接种量、吐温80等条件对菌体生长和石油降解率的影响。结果表明,在试验条件下,2株优势菌在初始pH为7左右,对石油的降解率可分别高达68.7%,74.5%,偏酸或偏碱的环境均不利于菌体的生长;培养温度对2株菌体生长和石油降解率的影响较大,最佳温度为35℃,降解率达到最大,分别为73.1%和69.6%;石油初始浓度大于0.4g/L时,Y-7降油率从69%降到49%,Y-9基本变化不大,控制石油物质浓度在0.4g/L,有利于对石油的生物处理;最佳接种量为2mL/L;吐温80对石油的降解促进作用有待进一步分析与研究。Two highly efficient petroleum degrading strains, named Y-7 and Y-9 were screened and isolated from petroleum-contaminated soils. They were identified respectively as Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. based on their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. The biodegradation function of petroleum, about their cell growth and oil degradation rates, under several conditions were studied, including different pH value, culture temperature, initial oil concentration, inoculums size, tween 80. The results showed that,when the pH value was near 7, the oil degradation rate was found to be best, respectively 68.7% and 74.5%. The best culture temperature was 35℃ , which made the oil degradation rate the highest, respectively was 73.1% and 69.6%. When the initial oil concentration was higher than 0.4 g/L, the Y-7 oil depredation was decreased from 69% to 49% ,while Y-9 had no obvious change. To beneficial to petroleum biological treatment, we can control the petroleum substance concentration not more than 0.4 g/L. The best quantity of inoculation was 2 mL/L. The promotion function of tween 80 remains to be studied. The petroleum degrading strains isolated in this study could be good candidates for bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soils, and the analysis of the degradation characteristics could offer a reference for better bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soils.

关 键 词：石油降解菌 筛选 假单胞菌 芽孢杆菌 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]