生物保护的景观生态安全格局  

LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL SECURITY PATTERNS IN BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION

作　　者：俞孔坚[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学系北京大学景观规划设计中心

出　　处：《生态学报》1999年第1期8-15,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金;国家教委留学回国人员启动基金

摘　　要：景观中有某些潜在的空间格局，被称为生态安全格局（Ｓｅｃｕｒｉｔｙｐａｔｅｒｎｓ，简称ＳＰ），他们由景观中的某些关键性的局部，位置和空间联系所构成。ＳＰ对维护或控制某种生态过程有着异常重要的意义。ＳＰ的组分对过程来说具有主动、空间联系和高效的优势，因而对生物保护和景观改变具有重要的意义。生物的空间运动和栖息地的维护需要克服景观阻力来完成。所以，阻力面（流动表面）反映了生物扩散和维持的动态。ＳＰ可以根据流动表面的空间特性来判别。一个典型的生物保护安全格局由源，缓冲区，源间联结，辐射道和战略点所组成，这些潜在的景观结构与过程动态曲线上的某些门槛相对应。揭示了一般流动表面模型的点和线的特征与景观生态学和保护生物学中的景观结构之间的关系，证实了生态过程动态与趋势中某些门槛值的存在以及应用这些门槛值定义ＳＰ的可能性。ＳＰ可作为捍卫生物安全、维护生态过程的相对高效的空间战略。Potential spatial patterns, which are called security patterns (SP),exisit in landscapes.They are composed of strategic portions and positions of a landscape which have critical significance in safeguarding and controlling certain ecological processes.To a certain process, components of the security patterns have the advantages of being initiative, coordinative and efficient. Therefore, thay are strategically important in biological conseravtion and landscape change. Species movement and maintenance are taken as processes of control in a landscape that occur at the expense of overcoming landscape resistance. A resistance surface (accessibility surface)represents the dynamics of species movement. SP can be identifid according to the properties on a general surface of flows. Four strategic landscape portions and positions are identified on a potential surface: buffer zones, inter source linkages, radiating routes and strategic points. These components are associated with the threshold type quality of the dynamics of the process, together with the identified sources (native habitats), and compose the ecological SP at various security levels. It demonstrates the relationship between the spatial properties of a general surface model discussed in theoretical geography and the landscape representation model used in landscape ecology and conservation biology. SP could be used as comparatively effective spatial strategies in safeguarding the ecological processes.

关 键 词：景观安全格局 生物保护 生态规划 景观生态 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学] X36[生物学—普通生物学]