4～5岁儿童气质与行为问题的相关研究  

Study of the relation between the character of temperament and behavior problem in 4~5 years old children.

作　　者：邹华[1] 匡桂芳[1] 傅平[1] 周长虹[1] 夏颖[1] 吴媛[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛市妇女儿童医疗保健中心心理卫生科,山东青岛266011

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2010年第7期593-595,共3页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

摘　　要：【目的】探讨4～5岁儿童的气质特征、行为问题发生情况及气质对行为的影响,为临床预防和干预提供依据。【方法】采用《NYLS 3-7岁儿童气质问卷》、《Achenbach儿童行为量表》(CBCL)对青岛市330名4～5岁幼儿园儿童进行评定。【结果】气质类型中缓慢型最少,占6.67%,易养型最多,占46.36%,男女气质类型分布差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.255,P=0.324)。儿童行为问题检出率为24.85%,其中男童检出率为21.43%,女童为28.40%,女童高于男童(χ2=2.891,P<0.05)。女童的分裂性行为检出率显著高于男童(χ2=16.378,P<0.01)。在男童中,难养型儿童的社交、躯体诉述、抑郁、性问题得分均高于易养型儿童,难养型儿童的幼稚、攻击、违纪行为得分高于启动缓慢型及易养型儿童;在女童中,难养型儿童的分裂得分高于易养型,攻击和多动得分高于启动缓慢型儿童,社交和性问题得分高于启动缓慢型和易养型儿童。以易养型儿童为对照,困难型儿童的行为问题发生率为易养型的3.13倍。【结论】幼儿园儿童心理行为问题发生率较高,且与性别和气质类型相关,应根据性别和气质类型制定针对性的预防和干预方案。【Objective】 To investigate the temperament character,behavior problem and the relation between temperament character and behavior problem in 4～5 years old children. 【Methods】 By using ＂NYLS Three-Seven Child＇s Qualities Questionnaire＂ and ＂Achenbach＇s Child Behavior Checklist for Parents＂,330 preschool children were surveyed in Qingdao. 【Results】 6.67% was slow start type,46.36% was easy rear type.The girls＇ temperament distribution was not significantly different from boys＇.24.85% children had behavior problems,21.43% boys and 28.40% girls had problems.Girls＇ incidence rate was significantly higher than boys＇.The schizophrenic behavior of girls was significantly higher than boys.In boys,the scores of communication,body problem,depression and sex problems were significantly higher in children of difficult rear type than in easy rear type;the scores of naive,aggressive and breach of discipline problems were significantly higher in children of difficult rear type than in easy rear type and slow start type.In girls,the score of schizophrenic behavior was significantly higher in children of difficult rear type than in easy rear type;the scores of aggressive and hyperactivity problems were significantly higher in children of difficult rear type than in slow start type;the scores of communication and sex problems were significantly higher in children of difficult rear type than in easy rear type and slow start type.The incidence rate of behavior problem of difficult rear type children was three times of easy rear type children. 【Conclusions】 The incidence rate of behavior problems in preschool children is high and has relation with gender and temperament character.Measures should be taken according to the gender and temperament character.

关 键 词：4~5岁儿童 气质 行为 相关性 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]