植物水淹适应与碳水化合物的相关性  

A review of the correlation of flooding adaptability and carbohydrates in plants

作　　者：施美芬[1] 曾波[1] 申建红[1] 类淑桐[1] 朱智[1] 刘建辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆市三峡库区植物生态与资源重点实验室,西南大学生命科学学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2010年第7期855-866,共12页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30770406);国家教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-06-0773);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC10-B01);中国科学院西部行动计划项目(KZCX2-是XB2-07);重庆市科技攻关项目(CSTC2007AB-7049)资助

摘　　要：水淹会对陆生植物存活造成本质影响,特别是完全水淹对陆生植物的影响更为明显。水淹对陆生植物最为主要的影响是氧气不足,这主要是由氧气在水中的扩散速率较低引起的。同时,在水淹胁迫下植物对光和CO2的获取都会受到限制。所有这些因素都将引起植物生物量减少,最终导致受淹植物死亡。碳水化合物是植物的能量来源,与植物在水淹胁迫下存活与否有着密切联系。植物水淹适应性与碳水化合物的相关性主要体现在两大方面:在生理形态层面,植物通过伸长生长或抑制伸长生长、地上和地下部分碳水化合物的分配比例不同来应对水淹胁迫;在另一个层面,植物通过改变激素、酶和基因的表达,调整碳水化合物的代谢方式,从而适应水淹环境。该文结合国内外研究现状,通过对植物在水淹胁迫下生理形态、激素、酶及基因表达诸方面的变化来认识水淹耐受性与碳水化合物的关系,并就今后的研究方向提出几点建议。Flooding causes substantial stress for terrestrial plants,particularly if the floodwater completely submerges the shoot.The main problems during submergence are shortage of oxygen due to slow diffusion rates of gases in water and unfavorable conditions of light and carbon dioxide supply.Collectively,these factors lead to loss of biomass and eventually death of the submerged plants.The survival of plants is closely related to carbohydrates,the substrate for respiration.There are two major aspects of the correlation of plants flooding adaptability and carbohydrates.First,there are morphological and physiological responses of terrestrial plant species that enable the positive effects of carbohydrates on underwater plant performance：plants usually elongate or reduce underwater elongation and maintain a higher level of root carbohydrates that facilitates survival.Second,plants change the expression of hormone,enzyme and gene,adjusting carbohydrate metabolism to flooding.The research advances in concentration of carbohydrates upon morphological and physiological changes and hormone,enzyme and gene expression to submergence are summarized.

关 键 词：碳水化合物 水淹 陆生植物 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]