不同栽培模式对渭北旱塬区冬小麦生长期间土壤水分、温度及产量的影响  

Effects of different cultivation models on soil water,soil temperature and yield during the winter wheat growth in the Weibei Dry Highland

作　　者：陈辉林[1,2] 田霄鸿[2] 王晓峰[2] 曹玉贤[2] 吴玉红[2] 王朝辉[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院农业部黄土高原农业资源与环境修复重点开放实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第9期2424-2433,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD25B09;2007BAD89B16)

摘　　要：通过2a大田试验研究了不同栽培模式对渭北旱塬区冬小麦生育期内0-2 m土壤水分,耕层(10 cm处)地温,以及作物产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:(1)推荐施肥+垄上覆膜+沟内覆草(NP+PF+S)、推荐施肥+垄上覆膜(NP+PF)和推荐施肥+麦秸覆盖处理(NP+S)均能增加土壤储水量,但以NP+PF+S和NP+PF处理较好;(2)3种覆盖栽培模式均提高了冬小麦越冬期间耕层地温,但推荐施肥+麦秸覆盖处理(NP+S)在冬小麦返青期耕层地温要低于对照(CK),推荐施肥+垄上覆膜+沟内覆草(NP+PF+S)和NP+S处理在冬小麦返青期后期到收获期耕层地温也均低于CK;(3)NP+PF+S处理较其它处理可增加冬小麦产量,并提高水分利用效率,其次是NP+PF处理,而NP+S处理增产效果不明显。可见,覆膜覆草和覆膜是较为适宜渭北旱塬雨养区冬小麦发展的栽培模式。Water deficit is the major restriction factor for winter wheat production in the Weibei Dry Highland due to limited precipitation,high surface evaporation,deep groundwater and poor irrigation conditions.Therefore,seeking efficient measures to increase the utilization efficiency of rainwater is of great importance for winter wheat production in this region.The main objective of this research was to investigate the effects of different cultivation models on the soil water from 0 to 200 cm depth of soil layer,plough soil temperature at 10 cm depth of soil layer,the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat during the experimental period（Sep.2007 to Jun.2009） in Weibei Dry Highland.The experiment consisted of 7 treatments,i.e.no fertilization（CK）,conventional fertilization（N1P1）,recommended fertilization（NP）,recommended fertilization ＋ manure（NPM）,recommended fertilization ＋ plastic mulch on soil ridges（NP＋PF）,recommended fertilization ＋ plastic mulch on soil ridges and straw mulch in furrows（NP＋PF＋S） and recommended fertilization ＋ straw mulch on entire plot（NP＋S）.Results showed that NP＋PF＋S,NP＋PF and NP＋S treatments improved the soil water storage during the dry season（spring） compared with CK treatment.However,the soil water efficiency of NP＋PF＋S and NP＋PF treatments was much better than NP＋S treatment.In the spring of 2009（dry season）,the average soil water storage of the NP＋PF and NP＋PF＋S treatments in Yuan surface and Terrace was greater than CK treatment,and the change magnitudes were 24.8 and 21.6 mm,respectively.The mulching models increased the soil temperature during the over-winter stage（Dec.2008 to early Feb.2009）,NP＋S,NP＋PF＋S and NP＋PF treatments increased the mean temperature of plough layer by 0.26℃,0.26℃ and 0.33℃ compared with the CK treatment,respectively.But after the turning green stage,the NP＋S,NP＋PF＋S and NP＋PF treatments decreased the temperature of plough layer,and the reduction of tot

关 键 词：渭北旱塬区 土壤水分 地温 覆盖栽培 冬小麦农田 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]