ABR预处理畜禽养殖废水及其氨化研究  

Pretreatment of livestock wastewater using ABR & its ammonification rate study

作　　者：雷英春[1] 张克强[2] 季民[3] 

机构地区：[1]太原工业学院环境与安全工程系,太原030008 [2]农业部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 [3]天津大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2010年第3期10-12,共3页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：天津市重点自然科学基金项目(023804211)

摘　　要：利用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)与改良SBR联用工艺处理模拟畜禽养殖废水,旨在揭示厌氧过程中氨化现象的影响因素及其规律。试验中所处理的废水是人工模拟畜禽养殖废水,该类废水含有大量的有机物,特别是蛋白质等含氮化合物,COD从1 000～10 000 mg/L逐渐增大,相应地氨氮质量浓度范围为78.6～773.2 mg/L。研究了ABR的启动过程中水力停留时间(HRT)、pH值、温度以及进水氨氮浓度等因素对氨化的影响。结果表明,HRT是一个重要的因素,很大程度地影响其他因素的研究,16 h为峰值点;氨化菌在pH值为6.5～8.0的范围可以保持一定活性,其中以pH=7.0为最佳点;随着温度升高,氨化菌活性提高,氨化率也随之提高,33℃为最佳温度,但ABR对温度的敏感性不是很高,考虑经济原因,可以在25℃运行;氨化率随进水氨氮浓度的增加而减小。最佳氨化率条件是HRT=16 h,pH=7.0,T=25℃,此时进水COD为10 000 mg/L。Wastewater from the scaled farms is in rich of ammonia and phosphorus, which causes various adverse effects known as cultural eutrophication. Application of anaerobic reactor followed by aerobic reactor is an effective method in the manure treatment. By using the ABR process as pretreatment technique of livestock wastewater, ammonification has been observed to take place in different compartments of ABR, which leads to the increase of NH3 - N concentration. Nevertheless, the phenomenon has not drawn much attention and only a few papers have reported on the ammonification during anaerobic process. In this paper, the pretreatment unit of ABR followed by modified SBR was studied by employing artificial livestock wastewater as treatment target. The start-up of ABR lasted for 101 days with thermophilic bacteria. The removal rate of COD achieved 72% when the designed volume loading rate was 20 kgCOD/（m^3· d）. When the temperature lowered to 25 ℃, the COD removal rate became 70% and comparable with the former. Several factors which influence the ammonification such as hydraulic retention time （HRT）, pH value, and wastewater temperature as well as the nitrogen concentration of intake ammonia were studied in detail. The results showed that the HRT was the dominant factor to influence the ammonification and the optimum HRT was 16 hours. The activity of ammonifying bacteria was optimum for pH value ranging from 6.5 to 8.0. Higher temperature significantly accelerated the rate of ammonification. Considering the economical factor and moderate sensitivity of ABR towards temperature change, 25 ℃ has been chosen as the operational temperature. The optimum condition of ABR process in this study was： HRT = 16 h, pH=7.0, T=25 ℃.

关 键 词：环境工程学 氨化率 厌氧折流板反应器(ABR) 畜禽养殖废水 

分 类 号：X131.2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]