不同肥料和密度对马铃薯光合特性和产量的影响  

Effects of Fertilizer and Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Potato

作　　者：田丰[1] 张永成[2] 张凤军[2] 石小红[1] 马福荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院农林系,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省农林科学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2010年第6期95-98,共4页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD01A06-1-10)-高产优质专用马铃薯育种技术研究及新品种选育

摘　　要：利用4因素5水平二次通用旋转组合设计分别对氮肥、磷肥、钾肥和密度进行3重复试验,结果表明,不同施肥密度组合与马铃薯叶片光合速率、小区产量之间有极显著的回归关系;施肥、密度对马铃薯光合速率的影响为钾肥>氮肥>磷肥>密度;对马铃薯小区产量的影响为钾肥>磷肥>氮肥>密度;马铃薯叶片光合速率与小区产量呈显著的正相关。过低、过高的氮肥、磷肥、钾肥均施用量均可以抑制马铃薯叶片光合速率。随着马铃薯密度的增加,马铃薯叶片光合速率逐渐降低,并且降低速率不断加快。氮和磷、氮和密度、钾和密度对马铃薯叶片光合速率的影响为正互作。氮和磷、氮和钾、磷和钾配合施用对块茎产量的影响为正互作。马铃薯叶片光合速率最高时的最优组合为纯N 172.5 kg.hm-2,P2O5112.125 kg.hm-2,K2O 90 kg.hm-2,密度6万.hm-2。马铃薯块茎最高理论产量时的最优组合为纯N 172.5 kg.hm-2,P2O5112.125 kg.hm-2,K2O 67.5 kg.hm-2,密度6万.hm-2。Densities and different fertilizers of nitrogen （N）,phosphate （P）,and potassium （K） were tested in field experiments of three replications using 4 factors 5 levels versatile regressive rotary compound design. The results indicated that photosynthetic rate of potato leaves and plot yield showed significant regression relations with different combinations of fertilizer and density; The effect of fertilizer and density on photosynthetic rate of potato was K〉 N〉 P〉 density; The effect on plot yield was K〉 P〉 N〉 density; There was significant positive correlation between photosynthetic rate of potato leaves and plot yield. Too low or too high N,P,K may inhibit photosynthetic rate of potato leaves. The photosynthetic rate of potato leaves decreased with the increase of potato density,and the rate accelerated. Interactions of N × P, N× density,and K × density had positive influence on photosynthetic rate of potato leaves. Interactions of N × P, N × K, and P × K had positive influence on tuber yield. The optimal combination for the maximum photosynthetic rate of potato leaves was N 172.5 kg . hm-2 ,P2O5 112. 125 kg. hm -2,K2O90 kg. hm- 2 , and density of 60 000 plantso hm 2. The optimal combination for the maximum theoretical yield was N 172.5 kg . hm-2,p2O5 112. 125 kg . hm 2,K2O 67.5 kg. hm-2 ,and density of 60 000 kg. hm-2.

关 键 词：肥料 施用量 密度 光合速率 块茎产量 马铃薯 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]