肥水分区调控对苹果光合作用、生长结果和果实品质的影响  

Influences of Alternating Partial Root-zone Irrigation and Fertilization on Apple Photosynthesis,Growth and Fruit Quality

作　　者：张雯[1] 安贵阳[1] 李翠红[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2010年第6期110-114,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省"13115"科技创新工程"陕西省苹果工程技术研究中心"(2008ZDGC-01)

摘　　要：以15 a生红富士(Malus domestica Borkh,cv fuji)为试材,通过设立无灌溉全量施肥(对照)、分区交替灌溉半量施肥、分区交替灌溉全量施肥、不分区灌溉半量施肥和不分区灌溉全量施肥等5个肥水耦合处理,研究了肥水分区调控对苹果光合特性及生长、结果和果实品质的影响。结果表明:在不同灌溉方式和不同施肥量的耦合试验中,灌溉方式是影响叶片光合特性的主要因素,分区灌溉处理在节水50%的情况下,净光合速率与不分区灌溉无显著性差异,但气孔导度和蒸腾速率明显降低,从而显著提高水分利用效率。分区灌溉半肥处理叶面积和新梢生长量降低,但坐果率显著高于其他处理。分区灌溉全肥处理和分区灌溉半肥处理叶片N、P、K元素的含量显著高于对照,但是低于不分区灌溉全肥和半肥处理,分区灌溉全肥处理叶片N、P、K含量分别为2.459%、0.137%和0.995%,接近陕西省高产苹果园叶片N、P、K含量的平均水平。肥水分区交替的2个处理除总酸、果锈指数和硬度3个指标外,着色率、光洁指数、可溶性固形物等其他果实品质指标均显著优于对照。分区交替灌溉半肥处理叶片N、P、K元素的含量高于目前生产上的常规施肥方式,且果实品质没有明显下降,将是干旱地区果园一项节水、节肥的肥水调控新措施。The effect of alternating partial root-zone irrigation and fertilization on apple photosynthesis ,growth and fruit quality was investigated through five different water and fertilizer coupling treatments including CK （non-irrigation and full fertilizer） , regional irrigation and full fertilizer,alternating partial root-zone irrigation（APRI） and full fertilizer, regional irrigation and half fertilizer, APRI and half fertilizer with 15-year-old apple trees （Malus domestica Borkh ,cv fuji）. The results showed that in the different irrigation and fertilizer coupling treatments, different irrigation method was the main factors affected the photosynthetic characteristics. Compared with regional irrigation, APRI saved 50% water increasing net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, and decreasing stomatal conductance （Gs） and transpiration rate （Tr）,therefore significantly improved water use efficiency （WUE）. APRI and half fertilizer treatment decreased leaf area and shoot growth, but the fruit setting rate was significantly higher than the other treatments. The content of leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in APRI and full fertilizer,APRI and half fertilizer treatments was significantly higher than CK,and was lower than regional irrigation and full fertilizer, regional irrigation and half fertilizer. The content of leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in APRI and full fertilizer treatment was almost same to the average level of leaf nutrition element of high-yielded apple orchards in Shaanxi Province. The most indicators of fruit quality of APRI and fertilization were significantly higher than CK except fruit rust index and total acids. Although there was some differences between the treatments but did not reach significant different level. The content of leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in APRI and half fertilizer treatments was higher than CK, but fruit quality did not decrease significantly, so it would be a new measure of saving water and fertilizer in the arid areas.

关 键 词：苹果 分区交替灌溉 肥水分区调控 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]