不同有机土栽培方式对温室番茄植株生长及产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Organic Soils on Growth,Yield and Quality of Tomato in Solar Greenhouse

作　　者：舒海波[1] 贺超兴[1] 张志斌[1] 王怀松[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2010年第6期120-125,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BADA6B03);国家"863"计划项目(2006AA10Z421);农业部行业科技专项(nyhyzx07-007);农业部园艺作物遗传改良重点开放实验室资助;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项

摘　　要：以普通土壤栽培为对照,有机土(腐熟玉米秸、腐熟牛粪和普通土所配制)膜限根栽培与非限根栽培为处理,研究日光温室中番茄植株生长及产量和品质的变化。结果表明:有机土栽培下的番茄生长势明显优于普通土壤,且有机土栽培的根系活力、光合速率均高于土壤栽培,最终有机土栽培的番茄产量提高、营养品质改善,且成熟期提早。与限根栽培相比,随番茄栽培的延续,非限根栽培中有机土的营养物含量在前期与限根栽培相当,而中后期却明显低于非限根栽培,其有机质、电导率和全N、P、K的下降速度较高。此外限根栽培的耗水量明显低于非限根栽培和普通土处理,表明非限根栽培的肥水渗漏较高,而限根栽培可使肥水损耗率显著降低。限根栽培与非限根栽培相比番茄的坐果数明显提高,前期产量和总产量也显著提高,增幅分别达31.3%和8.3%。有机土栽培番茄的营养品质如总糖、番茄红素含量明显增高,而有害物硝酸盐含量显著降低,且限根栽培的又明显优于非限根番茄。因此有机土栽培具有促使番茄提早成熟、增加产量、提高品质的效果,而限根栽培明显优于非限根栽培,且具有更好的节水节肥和增产效果。The effects of organic soil （mixture of decomposed corn stalk, manure and soil） on the tomato plant growth, yield and nutrient in root restriction culture in solar greenhouse over the winter were studied, and ordinary soil cultivation was served as the control. The results showed that the plant cultivated in the organic soil grew better than control, with the increases of plant height, stem diameter, the root activity, photosynthesis rate, which led to higher yield, improved nutritional quality and advanced maturity of tomato fruit, comparing with the control. In comparison with root nonrestriction culture, root restriction culture with a plastic film was an water-and fertilizer-saving method by decreasing the leakage of the nutrient atoms and water. The root activity of tomato grown in the root restriction organic soil was higher than that in organic soil without the film. Organic soil cultivation increased the content of tomato chlorophyll a and chlorophyll （a ＋ b） in leaves; and organic soil with film root restriction significantly increase the tomato yield and improve tomato nutritional quality. The root restriction by film was water and fertility-saving, and an environment friendly technique in protected horticulture.

关 键 词：番茄 有机土 限根栽培 产量 营养品质 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]