规模化养牛场粪便处理生命周期评价  

Life Cycle Assessment of Manure Treatment in Scaled Cattle Farms

作　　者：张颖[1] 夏训峰[2] 李中和[1] 王明新[3] 杨天学[2] 席北斗[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [3]江苏工业学院环境与安全工程学院,江苏常州213164

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2010年第7期1423-1427,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BADC4B05);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大项目(2009ZX07632-02)

摘　　要：以某规模化养牛场为例,应用生命周期评价方法,对畜禽粪便两种不同处理方式进行生命周期污染物排放清单分析,在此基础上进行了生命周期环境影响评价。结果表明,畜禽粪便处理过程中主要的环境影响类型是全球变暖,其次是环境酸化和富营养化。其中好氧堆肥工艺的环境酸化和富营养化潜力大于厌氧发酵处理工艺,厌氧发酵工艺全球变暖潜力大于好氧堆肥。综合比较,厌氧发酵的环境影响优于好氧堆肥,其环境影响综合指数分别为0.011 2、0.024 3,该养殖场宜采用厌氧发酵工艺处理畜禽粪便。In this study,life cycle assessment methodology was applied to assess two kinds of manure treatment processes in scaled cattle farms from the point of life cycle environmental impacts.By establishing and analyzing life cycle inventory of manure treatment in a certain scaled cattle farm,the results showed that the significant environmental impact factor was global warming during the process of manure treat-ment,and the next was acidification and eutrophication.Further,the potentials of acidification and eutrophication in aerobic composting pro-cess were greater than those in anaerobic fermentation process,conversely the potential of global warming in anaerobic fermentation process was greater than that in aerobic composting process.By comprehensive comparison,the aggregate life cycle environmental impact index of anaerobic fermentation process and aerobic composting process were respectively 0.011 2 and 0.024 3,which indicated that the environmen-tal impact of anaerobic fermentation process was smaller than that of aerobic composting process,and therefore anaerobic fermentation pro-cess was recommended to treat manure in the scaled cattle farm.

关 键 词：生命周期评价 畜禽粪便处理 好氧堆肥 厌氧发酵 

分 类 号：X820.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]