铜陵矿集区土壤中污染元素对微生物特性的影响研究  

The study of the soil contamination elements influnce on the microbial characteristics in Tongling ore district

作　　者：刘丽[1] 李湘凌[1] 范丽[1] 王成慧[1] 杨善谋[1] 袁峰[1] 周涛发[1] 

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院,安徽合肥230009

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2010年第6期1392-1397,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：安徽省优秀青年科技基金项目(08040106907;04045063);安徽省科技攻关计划项目(08010302200)

摘　　要：通过铜陵矿集区土壤中重金属污染元素含量与土壤中微生物生物量之间的对应关系,研究其环境效应。采集深度为20cm的土样,分别制备不同微生物的培养基以期对土壤中的微生物进行分离计数,细菌和放线菌采用稀释平板涂布法计数,高铁还原菌采用最大或然数法计数。研究结果表明,铜陵矿集区土壤中As、Au、Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb元素含量与土壤中细菌、放线菌、高铁还原菌数量之间的相关关系为:As、Au、Zn、Cu与细菌和放线菌,Cd、Pb与放线菌的含量呈负相关关系,指示了土壤中高浓度污染元素对微生物的抑制作用;Cd、Pb与细菌,Cd、Zn与高铁还原菌的含量呈正相关关系,反映部分微生物受污染元素的胁迫已产生了耐受性;Au、Pb、As与高铁还原菌数量的关系不明显。通过实验数据发现,微生物在重金属含量高的区域和含量低的区域的数量下降了大约2～3个数量级,有些区域微生物数量下降了约50%。矿集区土壤中三种菌种对污染元素的敏感程度不同,其敏感程度依次是:放线菌>细菌>高铁还原菌。矿集区部分土壤中,细菌、高铁还原菌由于其本身的耐受性或由于受胁迫而产生了耐受性,对Cd、Zn、Pb等三种重金属污染元素的抗性水平较高,具有作为土壤重金属元素污染修复微生物菌种的潜力。This paper have studied the correspondence between heavy metal pollution element contents and microbial biomass in the soil of Tongling ore district in order to study their environmental effects. Collecting the soil samples of depth of 20 cm to analyze. Medium were prepared by different microbes to the soil microorganisms were isolated and counted in. Bacteria and actinomycetes coating method using dilution plate count, iron reducing bacteria using MPN. The results show that, the relationship between the content of As, Au, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb and the biomass of soil bacteria, actinomycetes, high iron sulfate-reducing bacteria in the soil of Tongling ore district are as： As, Au, Zn, Cu and bacteria and actinomycetes, Cd, Pb and actinomycetes all displayed negative correlation between levels, reflecting that high concentrations of pollution elements in soil on microbial inhibition. Cd, Pb and bacteria, Cd, Zn and high iron sulfate-reducing bacteria were positively correlated, reflecting that some microorganisms contaminated element of coercion have produced tolerance. Au, Pb, As and high iron sulfate-reducing bacteria showed not obvious relationship on the num-ber.The experimental data showed that high levels of microorganisms in the region of high content heavy metal have declined by about 2 ～ 3 orders of magnitude than the area of low content. In some regions the number of microorganisms even decreased by about 50%.Three kinds of soil bacteria in the ore-concentrated area have the different levels of pollution in sensitive elements, their degree of sensitivity are： actinomycetes bacteria high iron sulfate-reducing bacteria. In some parts of the ore concentration area, high iron sulfate-reducing bacteria in the soil produce tolerance because of their own tolerance or due to stress. It has a higher tolerance to Cd, Zn, Pb and other elements. It also have the potential to become microbial strains in the process of bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.

关 键 词：土壤 污染元素 微生物 铜陵矿集区 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]