公路绿化带降噪效应及其影响因素研究  

Study on noise attenuation impact of roadside tree-belts and related influence factors

作　　者：王慧[1] 郭晋平[1] 张芸香[1] 魏红芬[1] 冯璐瑶[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学林学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2010年第6期1403-1408,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：山西省林业科技创新项目(G09-47);山西省攻关项目(20100311015)

摘　　要：以山西省典型公路绿化带为研究对象,在路侧设置样带分梯度布设噪音测点,研究绿化带对交通噪音的衰减效应、绿化带的噪音衰减格局及绿化带特征因子与降噪效应的关系,并通过拟合回归模型,分析绿化带的降噪机理。结果表明,公路绿化带噪音衰减格局呈单调递减趋势,模型拟合不同水平梯度的噪音衰减效应,以三次多项式拟合度最高;绿化带10m内是最佳降噪范围,10～60m为有效降噪范围,60～80m是次级降噪范围,40～60m宽的绿化带可满足绿化带的降噪要求;合理栽植绿化树种,使其成林后郁闭度≥0.6,可使噪音值从路基处至80m处降低31.0～36.4dB,绿化带树木高大并且栽植乔灌草复层结构,会增大林带的降噪效应;绿化带降噪效应与绿化带宽度、郁闭度、100m绿化带胸高断面积等因子正相关,与疏透度负相关,因子的互作对降噪效应起综合作用。Some typical roadside tree-belts were selected for this study in Shanxi province. Noise measurement points were set in the roadside sampling tree-belts and by the distance to the roads to study noise attenuation impact and patterns of the tree-belts and the relation between noise attenuation and tree-belt features. The noise attenuation mechanism of tree-belts was analyzed using the method of regression modeling. The results showed that roadside noise attenuation pattern was a trend of monotonous decrement with a best fitted cubic polynomial mathematic model. An width of 40-60 m tree-belts could meet the requirement of noise attenuation with width of 10 m, 10-60 m and 60-80 m being the best, the effective and the secondary noise attenuation ranges respectively. The noise could be reduced 31.0-36.4 dB from road to a distance of 80 m under the condition of rationally-selected tree species with a canopy density ≥0.6. The effectiveness of noise attenuation could be improved by a complex structure with taller trees plus shrubs and grass. Noise attenuation impact was positively related to tree-belt width, canopy density and total basal area of 100 m-width belt, and negatively related to porosity. A combination of all these factors influenced the noise attenuation effectiveness of roadside tree-belts.

关 键 词：公路绿化带 降噪 格局 因子 

分 类 号：X121[环境科学与工程—环境科学]