盐度和温度对半滑舌鳎生长、渗透生理及能量收支的影响  

Effects of salinity and temperature on growth,osmophysiology and energy budget of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther)

作　　者：田相利[1,2] 王国栋[1] 董双林[1] 房景辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学教育部海水养殖重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]盘锦光合水产有限公司,辽宁盘锦124200

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2010年第4期771-782,共12页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2006AA10Z409);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD09A01);山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励基金项目(2005BS07004);新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-08-0503)

摘　　要：研究了盐度和温度对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)幼鱼的生长、生化组成、渗透生理及能量收支的影响。实验鱼体质量(18.06±3.65)g,全长(15.45±2.77)cm。实验设置了3个盐度水平(22、26和30)和4个温度水平(18℃、21℃、24℃和27℃),每个处理设置4个重复。8周的生长实验结果表明,各处理半滑舌鳎特定生长率总体变动在1.00%～1.34%。在本研究条件下,盐度对半滑舌鳎生长影响不显著(P>0.05),而温度对其生长影响显著(P<0.05)。在盐度22、26和30下,其最大生长率分别出现在21℃、24℃和18℃下,而在27℃下生长率最低。饲料转化率和消化率变化趋势与生长率相似。随温度的升高鱼体蛋白质含量有升高趋势,脂肪含量和能值降低,但受盐度影响不显著。渗透生理研究结果表明,盐度和温度对半滑舌鳎血浆渗透压和鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活性影响均显著(P<0.05)。随盐度的升高,血浆渗透压和鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活性均有所升高。温度对不同盐度下半滑舌鳎血浆渗透压影响有所差异,但随温度的升高半滑舌鳎鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活性显著降低。能量收支研究表明,生长能和呼吸能的变化主导着半滑舌鳎的能量收支模式,在本研究设置的温度和盐度范围内,生长能占摄食能的比例以盐度18和温度21℃最高,而呼吸能的比例则总体随温度升高而逐渐升高。Effects of salinity and temperature on growth,body composition,osmophysiology and energy budget of tongue sole were studied. Three salinities（ 22,26 and 30） and 4 temperatures（ 18℃,21℃,24℃ and 27℃） were designed. Growth data were collected during the 8-weeks’ experiment. Results showed that the specific growth rate of the sole ranged from 1% to 1.34%. No significant difference was found in the growth of the fish at different salinities（ P 〉0.05）,while significant difference was found at different temperatures（ P〈 0.05）. At salinities of 22,26 and 30,the greatest growth rate was found at 21℃,24℃ and 18℃,respectively,while the lowest growth rate was found at 27℃ . Similar trends were observed in food consumption and conversion efficiency,respectively. With the increase ment of temperature,the content of protein in fish body increased,while the lipid and the energy contents decreased. The effects of salinity and temperature on both plasma osmolality and activity of gill Na＋/K＋- ATPase were significant（ P〈 0.05）. Plasma osmolality and activity of gill Na＋/K＋-ATPase increased as the salinity increased. Effects of temperature on plasma osmolality of sole were different at different salinity,but Na＋/K＋-ATPase activity decreased with the increase of temperature. Energy alternation of growth and respiratory dominated the mode of energy budget in tongue sole. The highest ratio percentage of growth energy to feeding energy was at 18℃ and 21℃, and that of respiratory energy to feeding energy increased gradually with the increase of temperature.

关 键 词：半滑舌鳎 盐度 温度 生长性能 渗透生理 能量收支 

分 类 号：S96[农业科学—水产养殖]