免耕对小麦-玉米轮作下玉米季土壤微生物生物量碳、氮的影响  

Effect of No-tillage on Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen with Maize Grown under Maize-wheat Rotation Condition

作　　者：杨淑莉[1,2] 朱安宁[1] 张佳宝[1] 陈效民[2] 朱强根[1] 

机构地区：[1]封丘农田生态系统国家试验站土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),江苏南京210008 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《土壤通报》2010年第4期802-806,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(kzcx2-yw-406);中国科学院知识创新重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-JS408)和中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX1-YW-09-05)

摘　　要：以夏玉米和冬小麦两季作物作为整体来研究保护性耕作对玉米季各生育期土壤微生物生物量碳(SMB-C)和微生物生物量氮(SMB-N)的影响。设置5种耕作处理,分别为小麦、玉米每年均翻耕(CTWT),玉米免耕+小麦每年翻耕(CNTWT),玉米免耕+小麦每2年翻耕(CNTW2T),玉米免耕+小麦每4年翻耕(CNTW4T),小麦、玉米每年均免耕(CNTWNT),所有处理在作物收获后移出地上部分全部秸秆。研究结果表明:在玉米生育期内,各处理土壤SMB-C、SMB-N随作物的生育期表现出先上升,在玉米抽雄期达到最大,然后开始下降,在乳熟期出现低谷,随后缓慢回升的趋势。而在整个生育期内各处理土壤SMB-C、SMB-N表现为CNTWNT>CTWT>CNTW2T>CNTWT。由于SMB-C、SMB-N可作为评价土壤质量的生物学指标,因此可以认为,玉米-小麦轮作保护性耕作体系下,免耕较传统耕作可以提高耕地土壤质量,增加土壤肥力。Summer corn and winter wheat were treated as an integrated system,studied the effects of conservation tillage on soil microbial biomass carbon（SMB-C） and soil microbial biomass nitrogen（SMB-N）.Five tillage treatments were designed,which are corn tillage annually ＋wheat tillage annually（CTWT）,corn no-tillage annually ＋wheat tillage annually（CNTWT）,corn no-tillage annually ＋wheat tillage every other year（CNTW2T）,corn no-tillage annually ＋wheat tillage every four year（CNTW4T）,corn no-tillage annually ＋wheat no-tillage annually（CNTWNT）,all crop straw of every treatment after crop harvest were moved away.The results suggested that during the experiment periods,SMB-C and SMB-N in soil increased previously,reached the maximum at maize tasselling stage,then decreased gradually and had a minimum value at corn milk ripe stage,and finally increased during the filling and harvesting stage.Whilet,he sequence of soil SMB-C and SMB-N was CNTWNT〉 CTWTC〉NTW2T〉 CNTWT in the whole corn growth period.SMB-C,and SMB-N could be considered as the biological indices to estimate the quality of the soil.Hence,the no-tillage has perfect future in appliance.

关 键 词：免耕 玉米-小麦轮作 土壤微生物量碳 土壤微生物量氮 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学] S154.2